(b) Examine the validity of the following statements, giving reasons: (i) If a person consumes two commodities both of which are undesirable, the indifference map will look exactly the same as when both the commodities are desirable. (ii) If the utility function for two commodities is of a Cobb-Douglas form, then the Engel curve is a straight line passing through the origin. 2/5 (iii) The production function, y = x +xx+/7, exhibits decreasing returns to scale.
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- If the utility function of an individual takes the form: U = U ( x 1, x2) = (x1 + 2) 2 (x2 + 3) 3 Where U is total utility, and x1 and x2 are the quantities of two commoditiies consumed: (a) Find the marginal-utility function of each of the two commodities (b) Find the value of the marginal utility of the first commodity when 3 units of each commodity are consumed.Suppose Ed's utility from the consumption of martinis (m) is proportional to the number he drinks: U(m) = m. Further, Ed is particular about his martinis: He enjoys them in exactly three parts of gin (g) to one part vermouth (v). So we can write the utility as: U(m) = U (g, v) = min (g, 3v). (a) Provide a sketch of Ed's indifference curve in the (g, v)-space for various level of utility. (a) Let the prices be p, and p, and Ed's income be I. Find the demand functions for 9 and v [Hint: Use the proportional rule and budget constraint. No need for differential calculus] (b) Using the results in (b), what is Ed's indirect utility function? (c) Find the expenditure function; given a level of utility U, and prices pg and Pv.a good is normal, then an increase in the price of the good will lead to which of the following to be true for this good? (Assume that there are only two goods, the individual's preferences lead to well-behaved preferences with strictly convex indifference curves and an interior solution for all budgets). Let SE = substitution effect, IE = income effect) (a) The magnitude of the IE for this good must be larger than the magnitude of the SE (b) The magnitude of the SE for this good must be larger than the magnitude of the IE (c) The good could be a Giffen good d) The good must be an ordinary good ( (e) None of the above
- Question 1. For the case of two goods, give an example of a utility function U(₁, ₂) that represents the preferences of a consumer who regards the two goods as perfect complements. Next, take the transformation f(U)= U³ of the your example utility function and explain if this newly gener- ated function represents the original preferences. Further, provide clear arguments supporting or rejecting the claim that "f(U (₁, ₂)) must be strongly increasing in (₁, ₂)."I am unsure the direction the utility functions would go in , with this specific scenarioRafe is optimally choosing to consume 6 apples and 3 bananas. The prices of apples and bananas are p. = 7 and pb - 7. Which of the following utility functions over quantities of apples (a) and bananas (b) could represent Rafe's preferences? = u(a, b)-a4/5 61/5 Ou(a, b) = a¹/5 64/5 Ou(a, b)-a2/3 b1/3 Ou(a, b)-a¹/3 2/3
- For the case of two goods, give an example of a utility function U(x1, x2) that represents the preferences of a consumer who regards the two goods as perfect complements. Next, take the transformation f(U) = U³ of the your example utility function and explain if this newly gener ated function represents the original preferences. Further, provide clear arguments supporting or rejecting the claim that "f(U(x1, x2)) must be strongly increasing in (x1, x2)."Bunde's preferences are given by the utility function u(x1, x2) = x, + x2. For each of the following cases, decompose the price effects into the substitution and income effects using the Hicks-Allen decompositions. (For each part, use the given template to draw the constraints, and then use your completed graph to fill in the description. Enter any points in order from left to right as they would appear on the graph.) 20 15 10 5 10 15 20 (a) Suppose m = 120, P1 = 10, and p2 = 15. The price p1 then falls to 6, keeping p2 and m fixed. Given m = 120 and p, = 15, the budget B° is drawn for p, = 10. The utility-maximizing point on this budget is at A = given the linear preferences yielding utility y° = When p, falls to 6, the new budget is B" and the utility-maximizing point is C = ), yielding utility un = . The movement from A to C is the price effect of units of good 1. Removing income incrementally until Bunde can barely afford the old utility of at the new prices yields the line which…Your sister’s utility function over the 2 goods X and Y is defined by: U (X,Y) = XY +4Y a. If she originally consumed 10 units of X and 24 units of Y, and if the consumption of X were increased to 12 units, how much Y would she be willing to give up and maintain the initial level of satisfaction? That is, how much less Y is needed in exchange for the increase in the consumption of X if she is to be equally satisfied before and after the change occurs? b. On a carefully constructed graph (you only need to consider X and Y values up to 50), indicate your sister’s original consumption position, with X plotted on the horizontal axis and Y on the vertical axis. Draw her indifference curve through the original consumption bundle from part a. As you can verify (or have already verified), she is indifferent to the points (10,24) and (12,21). If you double the amount of each good in these two consumption bundles, you would have the bundles (20,48) and (24,42). Since the two original bundles…
- for which utility function recardian equivalence does not hold?Smith and Jones are stranded on a desert island. Each has in her possession some slices of ham (H) and cheese (C). Smith prefers to consume ham and cheese in the fixed proportion of 2 slices of cheese to each slice of ham. Her utility function is given by Us = min(10H, 5C). Jones, on the other hand, regards ham and cheese as substitutes – she is always willing to trade 3 slices of ham for 4 slices of cheese, and her utility function is given by UJ = 4H + 3C. Total endowments are 100 slices of ham and 200 slices of cheese. a. Draw the Edgeworth Box diagram for all possible exchanges in this situation. What is the contract curve for this exchange economy? b. Suppose Smith’s initial endowment is 40 slices of ham and 80 slices of cheese (Jones has the remaining ham and cheese as her initial endowment). What mutually beneficial trades are possible in this economy and what utility levels will Smith and Jones enjoy from such trades? c. Now imagine a new endowment in which Smith has 60 slices…An individual's utility is given by: U (q1, q2) = a(q1)+ b(q2), where a and b are constants. When prices are P1= 4 and P2=1, the individual can only maximize utility by purchasing all good #2. When the prices are P1=3 and P2=1, the individual can only maximize utility by consuming all good #1. Which of the following statements below must be true? A. Goods #1 and #2 are complements B. a < b C. 3 < a/b <4 D. The indifference curves exhibit diminishing MRS