(b) Briefly explain the following terms with regards to Economical evaluation of environmental goods and services using suitable examples. (i) Use value (ii) Option value (iii) Non-use value (iv) Bequest value
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(b) Briefly explain the following terms with regards to Economical evaluation of environmental goods and services using suitable examples.
(i) Use value
(ii) Option value
(iii) Non-use value
(iv) Bequest value
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- A municipal landfill and incineration facility is planned. (a) Name at least three benefits, three disbenefits, and three costs. What stakeholder viewpoints will need to be considered? (b) Burning landfill materials produces environmental and health issues. List the primary issues in each case.Match the following costs to the correct classification of environmental cost. Cost Cleaning up a river after a hazardous material leak Hire of equipment used for clean up of toxic waste in the factory Performing contamination tests Forming environmental policies Environmental prevention cost Environmental internal failure cost Environmental detection cost Environmental external failure costEvery city and county in California is required to have a long-term general plan that establishes (A) O arbitrary limitations that discourage development. (B) O goals that encourage development. (C) O limitations on population growth and building. (D) O protection for old buildings that should be torn down.
- Please explain Question 1 (a) (b) (c) Precisely without confusion.Formulate decision-making of construction activities in the light of a balance between economic efficiency, environmental impact and technical performance.What is he social and financial implictions of generic pricing decisions for various stakeholders?
- In the context of green engineering, what is the difference between internal and external costs? Which type is easier to estimate and quantify, and why?A local government in Virginia is considering three different alternatives for a sewage treatment plant. The type of equipment and technology needed are quite different in each case. The following summarizes the economic data for all the alternatives Alt. B 5,600,000 600,000 1,000,000 Alt. A Alt. C Equipment costs O &M costs/year Annual benefits 4,350,000 450,000 640,000 6,500,000 750,000 1,300,000 The economic life of the project is 40 years. The locality's cost of funds is 8%. Use conventional benefit-cost analysis and incremental analysis to determine which alternative should be recommended. Note that doing nothing is not an alternative.A) A retailer wants to sell some DVDs to 4 consumers (A, B, C and D). Assume there are only 4 DVDs in total to sell and that the retailer has committed to lowering the prices in period 2. The valuation to the different consumers are as follows: Period 1 Period 2 Benefit to A and B 700 400 Benefit to C and D 400 100 In your hand written solutions, describe the first round price, second round price and profits for the retailer. Show all your calculations. B) Now assume that there are only 2 consumers (A and C). The valuation to the different consumers are as follows: Period 1 Period 2 Benefit to A 700 400 Benefit to C 400 100 In your hand written solutions, describe the first round price, second round price and profits for the retailer. Show all your calculations.
- State the salient features of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997A certain masonry dam requires 500,000 cu.m. of gravel for its construction. The contractor found two possible sources for the gravel with the following data: Source A Source B 1.0 km Average distance, gravel pit to dam 4.0 km site Gravel cost/cu.m. at pit Purchase price of pit Road construction necessary Overburden to be removed at P50.00/cu.m. Hauling cost per cu.m. per km P415.00 ------- P800,000.00 P450,000.00 None 80,000 cu.m. P7.00 P7.00 Which of the two sites will give lesser cost?PROBLEM You own a firm that offers organlc coconut oil. Your objective is to determine the number of coconut oil to be produced each month in order to maximize revenues. The table below shows the total benefits (revenues) and costs of producing various volumes of coconut oll (. Control Variable (in 500 ml bottle) Total Benefits Total Costs (B) (C) 100 200 300 400 2000 3800 5400 6800 100 300 600 1000 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 8000 9000 9800 10400 10800 11000 1500 2100 2800 3600 4500 5500 1. Use the marginal analysis technique to determine the quantity of organic coconut oil that will maximize net benefils. Present results in lable form and highlight the maximizing level. (. 2. Graphically illustrate letter B. Separate the graphs for TB – TC approach, MB = MC rule, and net benefit (maximum). The sequence of the graph: (1) TB - TC approach (topmost graph); (2) net benefit (middle graph); and (3) MB, MC, & MNB (last, 3rd graph). But be sure that the graphs are parallel in X-axis so as to…