Approximately 14 million Americans are addicted to drugs and alcohol. The federal government estimates that these addicts cost the U.S. economy $300 billion in medical expenses and lost productivity. Despite the enormous potential market, many biotech companies have shied away from funding research and development (R&D) initiatives to find a cure for drug and alcohol addiction. Your firm- Drug Abuse Sciences (DAS) - is a notable exception. It has spent $200 million to date working on a cure, but is now at a crossroads. It can either abandon its program or invest another $60 million today. Unfortunately, the firm's opportunity cost of funds is 5 percent and it will take another five years before final approval from the Federal Drug Administration is achieved and the product is actually sold. Expected (year-end) profits from selling the drug are presented in the accompanying table. Year 1 Year 2 Vear 3 Year 4 Year 5 $12.300,000 Year 6 $14,100,000 Year 7 $16,500,000 Year 8 Year 9 10 $18,300,000 $21, 300,e00

Approximately 14 million Americans are addicted to drugs and alcohol. The federal government estimates that these addicts cost the U.S. economy $300 billion in medical expenses and lost productivity. Despite the enormous potential market, many biotech companies have shied away from funding research and development (R&D) initiatives to find a cure for drug and alcohol addiction. Your firm- Drug Abuse Sciences (DAS) - is a notable exception. It has spent $200 million to date working on a cure, but is now at a crossroads. It can either abandon its program or invest another $60 million today. Unfortunately, the firm's opportunity cost of funds is 5 percent and it will take another five years before final approval from the Federal Drug Administration is achieved and the product is actually sold. Expected (year-end) profits from selling the drug are presented in the accompanying table. Year 1 Year 2 Vear 3 Year 4 Year 5 $12.300,000 Year 6 $14,100,000 Year 7 $16,500,000 Year 8 Year 9 10 $18,300,000 $21, 300,e00

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

NutraSweet Aspartame is a low-calorie, high-intensity sweetener known by Monsanto’s brand name, NutraSweet. It was the key to the success of Diet Coke and Diet Pepsi in the 1980s. NutraSweet made billions of dollars, yielding very high profits. Such profits usually attract entry, but in this case entry was barred by a patent on the sweetener and because the process of creating the sweetener was expensive and difficult. Monsanto had a distinct capability—its monopoly. It had also created another strategic asset—the NutraSweet brand name as represented by its trademark ‘swirl.’ The problem was that Monsanto’s patent was about to expire. As a result, the Holland Sweetener Company began building an aspartame plant in Geleen, the Netherlands, to challenge Monsanto’s hold on the aspartame market. Holland Sweetener was a joint venture between the Japanese Tosoh Corporation and DSM (Dutch State Mines). What did Monsanto do? Why? What did Holland Sweetener do? Why?
Frustration over US pharmaceutical pricing has led researchers to develop frameworks for evaluation that can be used by any purchaser or patient making complex drug choices. One of the most prominent, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, uses clinical trial data and compares value -- per quality adjusted life year (QALY) -- under actual market pricing and other possible references prices for specific drugs. Do you think $/QALY is an appropriate metric for evaluating the value of new drugs?
21. Which of the following most accurately completes the statement? If drugs such as marijuana and cocaine were legalized, it would be likely that Question 21 options: a) there would be an increase in the frequency of tainted and poor quality versions of these drugs that severely harm users. b) their prices would increase and quality would decline as innovation would cease in drug production. c) there would be more violence occurring in transactions involving these substances as producers fight for expanded customers. d) their prices would decrease, quality reliability would improve, and there would be less violence occurring in transactions. 24. Both price floors and price ceilings lead to Question 24 options: a) a reduction in the quantity traded. b) improvements in market efficiency. c)…
As CEO of firm A, you and your management team face the decision of whether to undertake a $200 million R&D effort to create a new mega-medicine. Your research scientists estimate that there is a 40 percent chance of successfully creating the drug. Success means securing a worldwide patent worth $550 million (implying a net profit of $350 million). However, firm B (your main rival) has just announced that it is spending $150 million to pursue development of the same medicine (by a scientific method completely independent of yours). You judge that B’s chance of success is 30 percent. Furthermore, if both firms are successful, they will split equally the available worldwide profits ($275 million each) based on separate patents. Assume that firms A and B are risk neutral. Use decision trees to justify your answer for the following problems. a) Suppose that firms A and B form a joint venture and are going to pursue A’s R&D program first and in case of its failure they will…
Q53 Assume that total sales for the cannabis industry in the year 2019 are $300 million and sales by the top four producers of cannabis are $50 million, $40 million, $30 million, and $30 million, respectively. We can conclude that Multiple Choice this sector is achieving economies of scale. firms in this industry likely collude with each other. allocative efficiency will be achieved. this industry is an oligopoly. the concentration ratio is 60 percent.
There are two competing Internet-based providers of medical information suitable for patients. ProPatient currently charges $150 per year to subscribers of its service which helps patients learn more about their medical conditions. Its competitor, AskUs Health, currently charges $125 for a similar service. The current level of advertising by ProPatient is $2,500,000. ProPatient has tracked its volume of subscribers as a function of its price, the price of AskUs services, and of its own marketing expenditures designed to promote the service. The marketing department at ProPatient estimated its demand relationship based on these data. Here is the result:QP = 120,000 - 900PP + 400PA +.02MPwhere QP = quantity of subscribers to ProPatient PP = price charged by ProPatient PA = price charged by AskUs Health M P = Marketing expenditures by ProPatient(all values of the independent variables are in dollars)ProPatient’s fixed cost to establish and maintain the business is $10,000,000 plus…
There are two competing Internet-based providers of medical information suitable for patients. ProPatient currently charges $150 per year to subscribers of its service which helps patients learn more about their medical conditions. Its competitor, AskUs Health, currently charges $125 for a similar service. The current level of advertising by ProPatient is $2,500,000. ProPatient has tracked its volume of subscribers as a function of its price, the price of AskUs services, and of its own marketing expenditures designed to promote the service. The marketing department at ProPatient estimated its demand relationship based on these data. Here is the result:QP = 120,000 - 900PP + 400PA +.02MPwhere QP = quantity of subscribers to ProPatient PP = price charged by ProPatient PA = price charged by AskUs Health M P = Marketing expenditures by ProPatient(all values of the independent variables are in dollars)ProPatient’s fixed cost to establish and maintain the business is $10,000,000 plus…
You are a produce grocer who sells two products: apples and bananas (you sell them in bushels, but we’ll just consider a bushel to be one unit of fruit). Each costs you $1 per bushel wholesale, which is your only cost. You can prevent resale among your customers, of which there are three, each with unit inelastic demand. Consumer 1 has a willingness to pay of $2 per apple (bushel) and $8 per banana (bushel). For Consumer 2, the willingness to pay is $4 for apples and $6 for bananas. Consumer 3 would pay up to $9 for apples but only $1 for bananas. A. Suppose you price apples and bananas separately. What is the profit-maximizing price for each? B. What is the profit-maximizing price if you sell the two fruit as a pure bundle? C. What leads to higher profits – selling separately or offering a pure bundle? Explain how this answer relates to the correlation in consumers’ willingness to pay across apples and bananas. D. Can you do better by mixed bundling? Explain why or…
In some countries, such as Canada and UK, direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising for pharmaceutical products is illegal or tightly controlled. Which of the following is NOT a reason why DTC is tightly controlled? Question 7 options: Asymmetric information: consumers are not in a good position to determine if a drug is what they need. DTC makes patients aware of new remedies. DTC can put a strain on doctor-patient relationship when patients demand some drugs that are not necessary or not the best options. DTC have the potential to drive up spending on drugs and exacerbate moral hazard.
The opioid addiction crisis and its sequelae represent one of the worst problems to surface in the US in many years, with tens of thousands dying and billions of dollars in estimated costs each year across many domains, from employment to health care to criminal justice and beyond. Some say the problem is so large and growing so fast, we need a multi-disciplinary “all hands on deck” approach to addressing it, with the oft-suggested remedies centered around treatment and prevention. Though economics cannot cure addiction or save the life of someone who has recently overdosed on some substance or other, which of the following can and should health economists do to help? a. Evaluate the costs of doing nothing, i.e., the status quo, to show policy makers the scale of the resources we are implicitly devoting to unsuccessful strategy today, and thus to justify re-directing resources to more effective purposes b. Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative treatment modalities…
Differential Pricing of Pharmaceuticals — The HIV/AIDS Crisis The HIV/AIDS crisis has been called the worst pandemic since the fourteenth-century’s Black Plague. The first incident of HIV/AIDS was discovered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in 1981.Over the next three decades, 60 million people have become infected and 25 million have died. Most HIV/AIDS cases are reported in the developing world, where 95 percent of those with HIV live today. Beyond social welfare and humanitarian concerns, as a result of globalization and the fastest growing international business opportunities in China and India, AIDS is now everybody’s business. Because the pharmaceutical industry especially relies upon governmental authority to approve formularies for reimbursement, to protect its monopoly patent rights, and to prevent importation of unauthorized, unlicensed imitation medicines, the question of how to price AIDS drugs is a public issue. Although no one has yet developed a cure for HIV, a…
The opioid addiction crisis and its sequelae represent one of the worst problems to surface in the US in many years, with tens of thousands dying and billions of dollars in estimated costs each year across many domains, from employment to health care to criminal justice and beyond. Some say the problem is so large and growing so fast, we need a multi-disciplinary "all hands on deck" approach to addressing it, with the oft-suggested remedies centered around treatment and prevention. Though economics cannot cure addiction or save the life of someone who has recently overdosed on some substance or other, which of the following can and should health economists do to help? Evaluate the costs of doing nothing, i.e., the status quo, to show policy makers the scale of the resources we are implicitly devoting to unsuccessful strategy today, and thus to justify re-directing resources to more effective purposes Ob. Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative treatment modalities to determine…