An economy is characterized by the following relations: Y = F(K,AL) = Kª(AL)1-a : Production function f(k) = F(k, 1) : Functional transformation with capital per capita with labor-augmenting technology. f'(k) : Marginal productivity of capital. Kt+1 = K +l – SK¢ : Capital accumulation Y = C+I I = Y - C = S = sY Equilibrium and S=I relation %3D
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- 6. Consider a hypothetical economy that has the production function Y = = F (K, LE) = K¹/3 (LE) 2/3, where Y is output, K is capital, and LE is the number of effective workers. Suppose the saving rate is 20%, the capital depreciates by 3%, the population grows at the rate of 1%, and the rate of labor-augmenting technological change is 1%. a. Solve for the per-effective-worker production function.A CES production function with physical and human capital Consider the CES production function in terms of physical capital, K, and human capital, H: where 0 a. Set up the Hamiltonian and find the first-order conditions. b. What is the optimal relation between K and H? Substitute this relation into the given production function to get a relation between Y and K. What does this “reduced-form” production function look like? c. What is the steady-state value of the ratio of physical to human capital, (K/H)∗? d. Describe the behavior of the economy over time if the initial condition is such that K(0)/H(0)? e. Suppose that the inequality restrictions IK ≥ 0 and IH ≥ 0 apply. How do these constraints affect the dynamics if the economy begins with K(0)/H(0)∗?e here to search ? 2 2 3 S 1. Consider the following production function: Y=F(K, L) = A(2K + 3L) Does this production function exhibit constant returns to scale? 2. Suppose the table represents the production function of both Mexico and Spain. Use the following information to answer the next question. K = Capital (trillions) Y = Output (trillions) Country L = Population (millions) Mexico 3 Spain E D 105 3. Calculate per capita income for both countries. 4 45 2. Calculate total factor productivity for both countries using Equation 3. Equation 3: Y = F(KL) = AK0.3 L0.7 R 4. Explain the difference in per capita income. % 0.18 0.74 5 6 hip & T Y 1 G H a 00 1.0 W 1.7 39 Focus
- Problem 2 In class, we argued that if people could accumulate human as well as physical capital, the production function would look like the "AK" production function. (a) If the production function is AK and the savings rate is constant at rate "s", and the rates of depreciation and population growth are 8 and n respectively, what would the growth rate of the economy be? (b) What would be the macroeconomic consequences of increasing the savings rate in this economy? Explain using the model and intuitively. (c) What would be the consequences of an increase in fertility in this economy? Are these consequences good or bad? Is this answer unambiguous? (d) How are human and physical capital different from one another in the way they evolve from period to period? (e) Does human capital have an upper limit? If it does, what is the resulting production function when this is reached and the growth rate of the economy? If it doesn't have a limit, what is the resulting growth rate of output as it…1. O LounchPad • Country A and country B both have the production function Y = F(K, L) = K/³L²/3. a. Does this production function have constant returns to scale? Explain. b. What is the per-worker production function, y = f(k)? c. Assume that neither country experiences population growth or technological progress and that 20 percent of capital depreciates each year. Assume further that country A saves 10 percent of output each year and country B saves 30 percent of output each year. Using your answer from part (b) and the steady-state condition that investment equals depreciation, find the steady-state level of capital per work- er for each country. Then find the steady-state levels of income per worker and consumption per worker. d. Suppose that both countries start off with a capital stock per worker of 1. What are the levels of income per worker and consumption per worker?The “per person” versions of production functions: Write each productionfunction given below in terms of output per person y ; Y/L and capital perperson k ; K/L. Show what these “per person” versions look like in a graphwith k on the horizontal axis and y on the vertical axis. (Assume A is somefxed positive number.)(a) Y = K 1/3L2/3 and Y = K 3/4L1/4 (on the same graph) (b) Y = K(c) Y = K + AL(d) Y = K − AL
- Suppose that the production function for an economy is given by Y = K1/4L3/4. The depreciation rate is 4%, the saving rate is 12%, Suppose that now there is labor augmenting technology, the rate of labor-augmenting technological is 2 percent. At what rate does total output, output per worker, and output per effective worker grow?[The following scenario applies to the next two questions.] An economy has a Cobb-Douglas production function: Y = AK L(1-a). A is the technology level, K is capital; L is labor; and Y is income. ● In 20X1, the technology level A is 139, capital K = 245, labor L = 458, income Y = 8,155 In 20X2, the technology level A is 144.96, capital K = 259.26, labor L = 474.12, income Y = 8,945.71 In 20X3, the technology level A is 152.02, capital K = 273.31, labor L = 489.20 Question 1.6: Elasticity of income with respect to labor What is the elasticity of income with respect to labor? A. 18% B. 20% C. 22% D. 24% E. 26% Question 1.7: Income What is income in 20X3? A. 9,240.34 B. 9,535.25 C. 9,830.15 D. 10,125.06 E. 10,419.96Assume that a country's production function is Y= AKº³Lº7. The ratio of capital to output is 3, the growth rate of output is 3 percent, and the depreciation rate is 4 percent. Capital is paid its marginal product. a. What is the marginal product of capital in this situation? (Hint: The marginal product of capital may be computed using calculus by differentiating the production function and using the capital-output ratio or by using the fact that capital's share equals MPK multiplied by K divided by Y.) b. If the economy is in a steady state, what must be the saving rate? (Hint: The saving rate multiplied by Y must provide for gross growth of (8 + n + g)K, where 8 is the depreciation rate.) c. If the economy decides to achieve the Golden Rule level of capital and actually reaches it, what will be the marginal product of capital? d. What must the saving rate be to achieve the Golden Rule level of capital?
- da qaoudon Suppose that the production function is given by Y=05/K √N, where Y is output, K is capital, and N is the number of workers. The steady-state level of capital per worker in terms of the saving rate, s, and the depreciation rate, 6, is KIN= (Property format your expression using the tools in the palette. Hover over tools to see keyboard shortcuts. E.g. a superscript can be created with the character.) The steady-state level of output per worker in terms of the saving rate, s, and the depreciation rate, 6, is VIN= (Property format your expression using the tools in the palette.) The equation for steady-state consumption per worker in terms of the saving rate, s, and the depreciation rate, 6, is CIN=(Property format your expression using the tools in the palette.)Table 1 for the Production Function. 1. Capital per hour of work (k/l) 10 20 30 40 50 Show Transcribed Text 2 C Output per hour of work (Y/L) 14 22 28 32 34 Plot the above production function information. What is the equilibrium if capital per hour Hour of work (K/L) =40. Thank You!!1. Consider a Cobb-Douglas production function that features capital-augmenting technology: Y(t) = [A(t) K(t)]aL(t)¹-a. Assume that technology A(t) grows at rate u: A(t) = μA(t). Show that the economy converges to a balanced growth path, and find the growth rates of Y and K on the balanced growth path. 2. Let the production function be Y(t) = J(t)aL(t)1-a, where J(t) is the effective capital stock. The dynamics of J(t) are given by j (t) = sA(t)Y (t) — 8(t). The presence of the A(t) term in this expression means that the productivity of investment at t depends on the technology at t. Show that the economy converges to a balanced growth path. What are the growth rates of Y and J on the balanced growth path? dy* S as y* 3. Find the elasticity of output on the balanced growth path with respect to s: Consider a Solow economy that is on its balanced growth path. Assume for simplicity that there is no technological progress. Now suppose that the rate of population growth falls. 1. What…