A satellite in Earth orbit has a mass of 103 kg and is at an altitude of 1.91 106 m. (Assume that U = 0 as r → ∞.) (a) What is the potential energy of the satellite–Earth system? (J) (b) What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the satellite? (N) (c) What force, if any, does the satellite exert on the Earth? (Enter the magnitude of the force, if there is no force enter 0.) (N)

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Central Force

Central force is the force that acts along the center of mass of one body to the center of mass of another body. Its direction from or away from a point on a body to another is called the center of the force. Such forces include gravitational force between two massive objects or electrostatic forces between two charged particles. So from atoms to planets, the central forces play an important role in shaping our daily lives. One of the remarkable features of central forces is that they are conservative, i.e. the total energy of a central force system can always be expressed as a gradient of a potential energy function.