a) Calculate the Thévenin equivalent of the given circuit with respect to points a and b. Also draw that equivalent circuit and indicate points a and b on it. b) Calculate the power of the 4 mA at the right side of the circuit and of the 4V-source, and state clearly whether they consume or supply power. First simplify the circuit as much as possible! 6 k www 6 KQ · 12 ΚΩ 4 mA 4 KQ 5 ΚΩ 12 ΚΩ 3 ΚΩ www 30V(+ 18 ΚΩ 4 ΚΩ 4 mA 4kQ 4 k0 ww 8 ΚΩ www 3kQ · 2 ΚΩ +4V a

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KVL and KCL

KVL stands for Kirchhoff voltage law. KVL states that the total voltage drops around the loop in any closed electric circuit is equal to the sum of total voltage drop in the same closed loop.

Sign Convention

Science and technology incorporate some ideas and techniques of their own to understand a system skilfully and easily. These techniques are called conventions. For example: Sign conventions of mirrors are used to understand the phenomenon of reflection and refraction in an easier way.