80° The figure above shows a cross-section of an optical fibre used in telecommunication. (a.) State and explain two reasons why optical fibres are preferable to copper cables for this purpose. (b.) State the principle on which optical fibres operate and state the conditions under which this principle is satisfied. (c.) How are the conditions stated above made satisfied in the manufacture of o ptical fibres? (d.) The speed of light in the core is 1.95 x 108ms-1 while the smallest angle of incidence in the core is 80°. (i.) Explain the significance of the statement "smallest angle of incidence in the core is 80°". (ii.) Calculate the refractive index of the core and that of the cladding.
Quantization and Resolution
Quantization is a methodology of carrying out signal modulation by the process of mapping input values from an infinitely long set of continuous values to a smaller set of finite values. Quantization forms the basic algorithm for lossy compression algorithms and represents a given analog signal into digital signals. In other words, these algorithms form the base of an analog-to-digital converter. Devices that process the algorithm of quantization are known as a quantizer. These devices aid in rounding off (approximation) the errors of an input function called the quantized value.
Probability of Error
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Answer d(i) & d(ii)
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