8. A new species of toad is introduced. Toads are typically more desiccation tolerant. It can persist between 32-40 oC and between 40-55 %RH. Does its niche overlaps with that of the frog? a. Yes, at c7 + d7 b. Yes, at g7 + h7 c. Yes, at c9 + c10 d. No e. Can’t tell 9. If the Toad is introduced to the open-field wetlands, how is the frog expected to respond? a. Shift its niche to the more humid and cool parts of the environmental gradients b. Shift its niche toward the drier and hotter parts of the environmental gradients c. Shift its niche to the drier and cooler parts of the environmental gradients d. No effect e. Shift its niche to the humid and hotter parts of the environmental gradients 10. If the Toad is introduced to the forest wetlands, how is the frog expected to respond? a. Shift its niche to the more humid and cool parts of the environmental gradients b. Shift its niche toward the drier and hotter parts of the environmental gradients c. Shift its niche to the drier and cooler parts of the environmental gradients d. No effect e. Shift its niche to the humid and hotter parts of the environmental gradients 11. If the frog shifted its niche breadth in response to the introduction of the Toad, the new range of environmental gradients it occupies is termed the: a. Fundamental niche b. Realized niche c. Fundamental habitat d. Realized habitat e. Biome 12. A new Masters student at the Biology department at UNCG is sent to study this system. She notices that during the summer the Toads tends to dig themselves into the mud and enters a summer dormancy (termed, estivation). She hypothesizes that burying themselves in the dry mud and entering estivation is an adaptation against desiccation. This question discusses an issue at which level of organization a. Individual b. community c. ecosystem d. molecule 13. This study question seeks ______causation. a. Proximate b. Ultimate 14. Basic assumption underlying her assumption of estivation as an adaptation are a. Outcomes are reproducible b. Estivation and digging behavior is hereditable c. Individual Toad that estivate and dig have higher fitness than those that don’t d. A-C are all true e. B and C are true 15. This is a/an __________ a. Observational study b. Lab experiment c. Field experiment d. Natural experiment e. Simulation experiment 16. Main limitation of this study pertains mainly to a. Lack of systemic variation b. Scope of inference c. Both d. None of the above 17. She takes 40 Toads from the field and puts 20 in field cages with mesh bottom (GROUP A) (Toads cannot dig into the mud) and puts 20 in a cage without a mesh bottom (GROUP B) (Toads can dig into the ground). What kind of study is this? a. Observational study b. Lab experiment c. Field experiment d. Natural experiment e. Simulation experiment 18. Which a. Group A is the control and group B is the control b. Group B is the experimental group and group B is also the experimental group c. Group A is the experimental group and group B is the control group d. Group B is the experimental group and group A is the control group

8. A new species of toad is introduced. Toads are typically more desiccation tolerant. It can persist between 32-40 oC and between 40-55 %RH. Does its niche overlaps with that of the frog? a. Yes, at c7 + d7 b. Yes, at g7 + h7 c. Yes, at c9 + c10 d. No e. Can’t tell 9. If the Toad is introduced to the open-field wetlands, how is the frog expected to respond? a. Shift its niche to the more humid and cool parts of the environmental gradients b. Shift its niche toward the drier and hotter parts of the environmental gradients c. Shift its niche to the drier and cooler parts of the environmental gradients d. No effect e. Shift its niche to the humid and hotter parts of the environmental gradients 10. If the Toad is introduced to the forest wetlands, how is the frog expected to respond? a. Shift its niche to the more humid and cool parts of the environmental gradients b. Shift its niche toward the drier and hotter parts of the environmental gradients c. Shift its niche to the drier and cooler parts of the environmental gradients d. No effect e. Shift its niche to the humid and hotter parts of the environmental gradients 11. If the frog shifted its niche breadth in response to the introduction of the Toad, the new range of environmental gradients it occupies is termed the: a. Fundamental niche b. Realized niche c. Fundamental habitat d. Realized habitat e. Biome 12. A new Masters student at the Biology department at UNCG is sent to study this system. She notices that during the summer the Toads tends to dig themselves into the mud and enters a summer dormancy (termed, estivation). She hypothesizes that burying themselves in the dry mud and entering estivation is an adaptation against desiccation. This question discusses an issue at which level of organization a. Individual b. community c. ecosystem d. molecule 13. This study question seeks causation. a. Proximate b. Ultimate 14. Basic assumption underlying her assumption of estivation as an adaptation are a. Outcomes are reproducible b. Estivation and digging behavior is hereditable c. Individual Toad that estivate and dig have higher fitness than those that don’t d. A-C are all true e. B and C are true 15. This is a/an ____ a. Observational study b. Lab experiment c. Field experiment d. Natural experiment e. Simulation experiment 16. Main limitation of this study pertains mainly to a. Lack of systemic variation b. Scope of inference c. Both d. None of the above 17. She takes 40 Toads from the field and puts 20 in field cages with mesh bottom (GROUP A) (Toads cannot dig into the mud) and puts 20 in a cage without a mesh bottom (GROUP B) (Toads can dig into the ground). What kind of study is this? a. Observational study b. Lab experiment c. Field experiment d. Natural experiment e. Simulation experiment 18. Which a. Group A is the control and group B is the control b. Group B is the experimental group and group B is also the experimental group c. Group A is the experimental group and group B is the control group d. Group B is the experimental group and group A is the control group

Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305441620

Author:WOODROW

Publisher:WOODROW

Chapter5: Abbreviations And Systems Of Measurement

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6CRQ

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Question

8. A new species of toad is introduced. Toads are typically more desiccation tolerant. It can persist between 32-40 oC and between 40-55 %RH. Does its niche overlaps with that of the frog?

a. Yes, at c7 + d7

b. Yes, at g7 + h7

c. Yes, at c9 + c10

d. No

e. Can’t tell

9. If the Toad is introduced to the open-field wetlands, how is the frog expected to respond?

a. Shift its niche to the more humid and cool parts of the environmental gradients

b. Shift its niche toward the drier and hotter parts of the environmental gradients

c. Shift its niche to the drier and cooler parts of the environmental gradients

d. No effect

e. Shift its niche to the humid and hotter parts of the environmental gradients

10. If the Toad is introduced to the forest wetlands, how is the frog expected to respond?

a. Shift its niche to the more humid and cool parts of the environmental gradients

b. Shift its niche toward the drier and hotter parts of the environmental gradients

c. Shift its niche to the drier and cooler parts of the environmental gradients

d. No effect

e. Shift its niche to the humid and hotter parts of the environmental gradients

11. If the frog shifted its niche breadth in response to the introduction of the Toad, the new range of environmental

gradients it occupies is termed the: a. Fundamental niche

b. Realized niche

c. Fundamental habitat

d. Realized habitat

e. Biome

12. A new Masters student at the Biology department at UNCG is sent to study this system. She notices that during the

summer the Toads tends to dig themselves into the mud and enters a summer dormancy (termed, estivation). She

hypothesizes that burying themselves in the dry mud and entering estivation is an adaptation against desiccation. This question discusses an issue at which level of organization

a. Individual

b. community

c. ecosystem

d. molecule

13. This study question seeks ______causation.

a. Proximate

b. Ultimate

14. Basic assumption underlying her assumption of estivation as an adaptation are

a. Outcomes are reproducible

b. Estivation and digging behavior is hereditable

c. Individual Toad that estivate and dig have higher fitness than those that don’t

d. A-C are all true

e. B and C are true

15. This is a/an __________

a. Observational study

b. Lab experiment

c. Field experiment

d. Natural experiment

e. Simulation experiment

16. Main limitation of this study pertains mainly to

a. Lack of systemic variation

b. Scope of inference

c. Both

d. None of the above

17. She takes 40 Toads from the field and puts 20 in field cages with mesh bottom (GROUP A) (Toads cannot dig into the mud) and puts 20 in a cage without a mesh bottom (GROUP B) (Toads can dig into the ground). What kind of study is this?

a. Observational study

b. Lab experiment

c. Field experiment

d. Natural experiment

e. Simulation experiment

18. Which

a. Group A is the control and group B is the control

b. Group B is the experimental group and group B is also the experimental group

c. Group A is the experimental group and group B is the control group

d. Group B is the experimental group and group A is the control group

85
80
i
Fig. 1
75
70
65
f
60
55
d
50
45
a
(C)
Temperature 20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
Moisture (%RH)

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