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- A study of ethanol as a transportation fuel reveals that the competitive equilibrium is expected to be at a price of $4 per gallon and a consumption rate of 100 million gallons/day. For a production rate of 10 million gallons/day, the marginal cost is found to be $1 per gallon. Also, a a price of $10 per gallon the demand is 10 million gallons/day. Answer the following questions for this system. 1. Determine the equations for the demand and marginal cost lines. 2. Calculate the consumer and producer surplus for the market equilibrium. 3. It was discovered later that the above information ignored a government subsidy of 50 cents per gallon. How will the demand and marginal cost lines, and the competitive equilibrium, change if this subsidy is removed?(5) For each situation, solve for the Bertrand-Nash Equilibrium (differentiated Product). 5a) Suppose Sarah's constant marginal cost is $5 but Joe's is $8 Recall that in a Bertrand model with differentiated product, each supplier faces his/her own demand: Qjoe = 100 – 10 Pjoe + 5 Psarah Qsarah = 100 – 10 Psarah + 5 Pjoe 5b) Suppose Joe and Sarah have the same cost functions as earlier (constant MC of $5) but asymmetric demand functions Qjoe = 100 – 10 Pjoe + 5 Psarah Qsarah = 160 - 10 Psarah + 5 Pjoe(6) For each situation, solve for the Cournot-Nash equilibrium (Capacity Constraints) 6a) Suppose Sarah's constant marginal cost is $5 but Joe's is $8. Recall that in a Cournot model, products are homogeneous. So each supplier faces the same aggregate demand function: P(Q) = 20 – 0.1 Q where Q = Qjoe + Qsarah 6b) Suppose Joe and Sarah have the same cost functions as earlier (constant MC of $5) but market inverse demand is now P(Q) = 30 – 0.2Q
- There are two firms in the market (duopoly). These two firms are competingsimultaneously. The first firm chooses its output level (x) by predicting the second firm’soutput (y). Let c denote the total cost function c(x) = x and c(y) = y. Also, let’s assumethat the inverse demand function is p(Y) = 7 - Y where Y = x + y. (1) Obtain the reactionfunction of the first firm. (2) Find the equilibrium (output and profit of each firm) whentwo firms simultaneously compete1. The market (inverse) demand function for a homogeneous good is P(Q) = 10 - Q. There are two firms: firm 1 has a constant marginal cost of 2 for producing each unit of the good, and firm 2 has a constant marginal cost of 1. The two firms compete by setting their quantities of production, and the price of the good is determined by the market demand function given the total quantity. a. Calculate the Nash equilibrium in this game and the corresponding market price when firms simultaneously choose quantities. b. Now suppose firml moves earlier than firm 2 and firm 2 observes firm 1 quantity choice before choosing its quantity find optimal choices of firm 1 and firm 2.the set of Fationalizable strategies will be the same for party R.) Explain your reasoning. ve Intel and AMD, the primary producers of computer central processing units (CPUS), compete with one another in the mid-range chip category (among other categories). Assume that global demand for mid-range chips depends on the quantity that the two firms make, so that the price (in dollars) for mid-range chips is given by P = 210 – Q, where Q = qin- || GAMD and where the quantities are measured in millions. Each mid- + 9AMD tel range chip costs Intel $60 to produce. AMD's production process is more streamlined; each chip costs them only $48 to produce. (a) Write the profit function for each firm in terms of qintel and qAMD- Find each firm's best-response rule. (b) Find the Nash equilibrium price, quantity, and profit for each firm. (c) (Optional) Suppose Intel acquires AMD, so that it now has two sep- arate divisions with two different production costs. The merged firm wishes to maximize total…
- usiness EconomicsQ&A LibraryTwo firms A and B produce an identical product (Note: Industry Output = Q). The firms have to decide how much output qA and qB (Note: qA = Firm A Output; qB = Firm B Output) they must produce since they are the only two firms in the industry that manufacture this product. Their marginal cost (MC) is equal to their average cost (AC) and it is constant at MC = AC = X, for both firms. Market demand is given as Q = Y – 2P (where P = price and Q = quantity). Select any value for X between [21 – 69] and any value for Y between [501 – 999]. Using this information, calculate the Industry Price, Industry Output, Industry Profit, Consumer Surplus and Deadweight Loss under each of the following models: (a) Cournot Model Two firms A and B produce an identical product (Note: Industry Output = Q). The firms have to decide how much output qA and qB (Note: qA = Firm A Output; qB = Firm B Output) they must produce since they are the only two firms in…Suppose you are the economic adviser ofa company producing three brands of mobile pnones;Nokia 10, Samsung X and iPhone 7. Suppose further that, your company currently sells 120units of iPhone Z at e800 per unit, 150 units of Samsung X at e800 per unit and 200 units ofNokia 10 at e100 per unit, but in a bid to maximize profit, the company's managing directorproposes an increase in price of Samsung X from e800 to e1000 per unit for which quantitydemanded is anticipated to fall from 150 to 100 units; iPhone Z from e800 to e 1200 per unitfor which quantity demanded is anticipated to fall from 120 to 100 units; and Nokia 10 from100 to 200 per unit for which quantity demanded is expected to fall from 200 to 100 unitsUsing the mid-polint formula. compute the price elasticity of demand for each brand.From your answer in i, what is the type and economic interpretatiom of each brand'sii.value of elasticity.Suppose Tasty Cakes is deciding its pricing strategy: it is debating whether to offer a single linear price for its sheet cakes or to offer non-linear pricing. Suppose on any day, it gets 2 customers–who are of Type A and TypeB with the following maximum willingness-to-pay for the cakes: Units Type A Type B 1 $100 $90 2 $75 $40 Suppose it costs $10 to bake each of the cakes. (a) If Tasty Cakes decides to pick a linear pricing strategy, what will be the profit-maximizing price it should choose? How many cakes will it end up selling and what will be its total profit? (b) If Tasty Cakes decides to pick a non-linear pricing strategy where it may offer a different price depending on the number of cakes purchased, what should be the profit-maximizing set of prices? How many cakes will it sell and what will be its total profit? (c)Comparing Tasty Cakes’profits in (a) and (b), explain IN WORDS why we see this difference in profits
- Two firms produce identical products at zero cost, and theycompete by setting prices. If each firm charges a low price,then both firms earn profits of zero. If each firm charges ahigh price, then each firm earns profits of £30. If one firmcharges a high price and the other firm charges a low price,the firm that charges the lower price earns profits of £50, andthe firm charging the higher price earns profits of zero. (a) Which oligopoly model best describes this situation?(b) Write this game in normal form.(c) Suppose the game is infinitely repeated. Can theplayers sustain the "collusive outcome" as a Nashequilibrium if the interest rate is 50 percent? Explain. Please answer the a, b and c parts.11. Application: Elasticity and hotel rooms The following graph input tool shows the daily demand for hotel rooms at the Peacock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. To help the hotel management better understand the market, an economist identified three primary factors that affect the demand for rooms each night. These demand factors, along with the values corresponding to the initial demand curve, are shown in the following table and alongside the graph input tool. (Note: All values are hypothetical.) Demand Factor Initial Value Average Canadian household income $50,000 per year Round trip airfare from Toronto (YYZ) to Las Vegas (LAS) $100 per round trip Room rate at the Grandiose Hotel and Casino, which is near the Peacock $250 per night Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be scored on any changes you make to this graph. оп апy Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field…A producer of manure is located next to a bakery. The producer of manure produces M pounds of manure daily and earns profits of 156M - M². The bakery sells C' cakes daily, and it earns profits of 312C-C²-MC (the strong smell of manure drives away the appetite of many would-be customers of the bakery). In a competitive equilibrium solution, where each business seeks to maximize profits, a total of if be sold daily. From a social point of view, the producer of manure should not produce at all. Choose one: A. true B. false pounds of manure will