6. Your patient has had the following output: 360 mL of urine and 120 mL of emesis. What will you record as the total output in oz for this patient?
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6. Your patient has had the following output: 360 mL of urine and 120 mL of emesis. What will you record as the total output in oz for this patient?
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- 2. Glomerular filtration is directly proportional to A. Blood cell size B. Hydrostatic pressure C. Osmotic pressure D. The patient’s fluid intakeThe macula densa is/are: present in the renal medulla dense tissue present in the outer layer of the kidney cells present in the DCT and collecting tubules present in blood capillaries.36. A 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of lethargy. Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. The results of laboratory studies are shown: Serum Na+ 165 mEq/L (N=139-146) CI- 130 mEq/L (N=95-105) 334 mOsmol/kg H₂O (N=282-295) Osmolality Urine 1.001 Specific gravity Osmolality 117 mOsmol/kg H₂O (N>200) He is admitted to the hospital. His urine output is increased. His serum ADH (vasopressin) concentration is 24 pg/mL (N=1-5); aldosterone and renin concentrations are within the reference ranges. The urine osmolality remains unchanged after administration of 1-deamino-8-arginine vasopressin. An MRI of the brain and pituitary gland shows no abnormalities. Ultrasonography shows normal kidneys. The most likely underlying cause of the findings in this patient is a defect in which of the following? A) Angiotensin-converting enzyme B) Aquaporin C) 11a-Hydroxylase D) Renin E) Vasopressin receptors
- 35. The starting point (X) on the graph represents a person who had been drinking water ad libitum. Which of the following lettered arrows indicates the change that will occur 60 minutes after drinking 1 L of distilled water? OA) 1200- Urine osmolality mOsm/Kg H₂O 900- 600- 300- A E B) B -2 2 D C 4 6 Urine flow rate mL/min C) 8 O D) 10 E)Table 3. Serum creatinine values at admission and after 12h Admission +12h SCR(mg/dL) 1.55 1.42 Using the “MDRD” (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equation for estimating glomerularfiltration, provided below, and the data available in the above table, calculate the patient's (a 34 year old white male) estimated glomerularfiltration rate (eGFR) at admission and 12h after admission.MDRD GFR Equation (mL/min/1.73 m2)= 175 × (Scr)-1.154 × (Age)-0.203 × (0.742 if female) × (1.212 if African American)Based on your calculated values, state whether LF’s function is normal or abnormal?Previous research suggests that patients with asthma have an increased risk for chronic kidneydisease, but the mechanisms underlying this increased risk are poorly understood. Propose one potential mechanism by which asthma might impair kidney function, and discuss how this dysfunction may impair thebody’s ability to respond to respiratory alkalosisA patient comes to your medical practice with complaints of low urine output (not peeing). You use inulin to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the following information: Plasma level (P – constant over 24 hours): 10 mg/mL inulin. Urine sample (U): 144 mg inulin/mL urine. Urine formation (V): 10 mL/min. Using the fromula GFR=V ✕ U/P, you calculate a GFR of ... A) 144mL/min.. B) 14400 mL/min. C) 144 min./mL. D) 144 g mannitol/min.
- 7. A creatinine clearance is performed on a professional wrestler. The patient is 6 feet 6 inches and weighs 359 lb. A 24 hour urine sample was obtained with a total volume of 2200 mL. The urine creatinine result is 150 mg/dL and the serum creatinine result is 1.5 mg/dL. What is the patient's corrected creatinine clearance?Calculate the patient’s output during your 12-hour shift in oz. 600 cc of urine at 0700 2 oz of emesis at 0830 432 mL of urine at 1200 60 mL of emesis at 1600 3 oz of stool at 18007. 1 of the following is true of the structure of the renal filtration barrier A. The filtration slit is found the basal lamina B. The filtration slit diaphragm is made up of the fenestrated endothelium C. The lamina rara interna is located adjacent the podocyte D. The filtration slit diaphragm bridges the filtration slits between pedicels 8. 3 of the following are true of the testes A. Contain interstitial cells of Leydig that produce testosterone B. Covered in the anterior and lateral surfaces by a fold of peritoneum C. Mediastinum testis gives rise to connective tissues that divide the testes into lobules D. Within the lobules are seminiferous tubules that are stimulated by Luteinizing hormone 9. 2 of the following are true of Sertoli cells A. Form tight junctions with other Sertoli cells to form the blood testis barrier B. Have receptors for LH important for spermatogenesis C. Phagocytose excess cytoplasm during spermiogenesis D. Stimulated by LH to secrete Androgen Binding…
- 99. Which among the following indications is true with regards to the patient's urinalysis result? Color: Reddish-brown Clarity: Hazy Specific gravity: 1.015 pH: 6.0 Leukocytes: Negative Nitrite: Negative Urobilin: Negative Protein: 2+ Blood: 4+ RBC: 0 – 1 Ketone: Negative WBC: 0 – 1 Bilirubin: 4+ EC: 5 - 10 Glucose: 1+ Bacteria: Absent The patient is suffering from a urinary tract infection The patient is suffering from liver damage The patient is at risk of diabetes The patient is at risk of renal failure28. Know the following equation by memory and be able to calculate NFP when given numbers for each of the variables. Practice using the problem below. Net filtration pressure Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure Colloid Osmotic Pressure NFP CHP - OP a. Calculate the NFP if the capillary hydrostatic pressure = 30 mm Hg and osmotic pressure = 17 mm Hg. NFP = -24. Measurements are made of the renal tubular fluid concentration of various substances along the length of the proximal tubule and plotted as the tubular fluid to plasma concentration ratio (TF/P). As these substances are reabsorbed along with water, the following profiles are obtained. (All substances are freely filtered at the glomerulus, the TF/P = 1 at the glomerulus.) Glucose is represented by which of the following curves? OA) [Tubular fluid] [Plasma] OB) 3.0- 2.0- 1.0- 0 B O C) E 25 50 75 Proximal tubule length (%) OD) 100 OE)
