5. The ideas of Adam Smith and Karl Marx used the metaphor of the "invisible hand" to: Describe how, ideally, income would be distributed "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need" Describe how the individual pursuit of self-interest works to promote the interest of the public as a whole Describe the appropriate, limited role of government Describe how the profit motive undermines individuals' incentives to contribute to society Choose the pairing that best describes Adam Smith's view of human motivation in a market economy and Karl Marx's view of human motivation in a communist economy. Neither Adam Smith nor Karl Marx believed that humans are motivated by self-interest. Karl Marx believed that humans are motivated by self-interest: Adam Smith believed that humans are motivated to forgo their self- interests and to cooperate instead. Adam Smith believed that humans in a market economy are motivated by self-interest; Karl Marx believed that humans in a communist economy are motivated to forgo their self-interests and to cooperate instead. ◇ Neither Adam Smith nor Karl Marx believed that humans are motivated to forgo their self-interests and to cooperate instead.