4. (a) Analyse how output and net exports are determined in the open economy. In doing so, in addition to presenting the relevant graphs or equations, explain what the nominal and real exchange rates are. (b) In the context of the model in (a) above, analyse the effects of (i) a rise in world income, and (ii) a real appreciation of the domestic currency.
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- Does a higher rate of return in a nations economy, all other things being equal, affect the exchange rate of its currency? If so, how?Q.1.11 What is a foreign exchange rate? (a) The rate at which the currency of one country trades for the goods ofanother country.(b) The rate at which one country’s goods trade for those of anothercountry.(c) The rate at which currencies of different countries are exchanged.(d) The rate at which one country’s currency trades for gold provided byanother country.Q.1.12 As a result of more Americans visiting South Africa, we can expect, ceteris paribus:(a) an appreciation of the rand relative to the dollar.(b) a depreciation of the rand relative to the dollar.(c) an appreciation of the dollar relative to the rand.(d) that it will cost South Africans more to visit the United States.Q.1.13 What is a tariff? (a) A form of subsidy.(b) A tax on imported goods.(c) A tax on foreign property.(d) A form of quota.QUESTION 2 N Consider the exchange rate between U.S. Dollar and Mexican Peso: USD/MXN. If the supply curve for USD shifted from 100+e to 104+eN bln dollars per week and the demand curve shifted from bln dollars per week, then the exchange rate changed by 140-e - eN to 142-eN percent. Note: Type in your answer rounded to two decimal places, i.e., your answer must be of the form "999.99". I will not be able to fix correct answers that were entered incorrectly, such as "999.999" or "999,99" or "999". In case the last digit in the correct answer is zero, e.g., "999.90" or "999.00", Blackboard may automatically delete it and you should not do anything about it. In case of percentages, do not type in the percentage symbol "%". If your answer is a negative number, type a dash in front of your answer, i.e, "-999.99".
- 1. Illustrate through a graph the following and explain each graph:A. Use the foreign exchange market (Philippine pesos in the vertical axis, quantity of US dollars in thehorizontal axis, demand curve and supply curve of US dollars) to show the effect of the following onthe equilibrium exchange rate (one graph each of i and ii and assume other factors constant): i.) increase in foreign interest ratesii.) increased preference for Philippine products by foreigners. B. Illustrate using the AD-AS model how an increase in the exchange rate or depreciation of the peso willaffect real GDP and price level in the domestic economy (other factors constant).C. Use the loanable funds market and illustrate graphically how an increase in net capital outflow willaffect domestic interest rates and investment. Briefly explain your illustration.6. Assume the U.S. is a SMALL open economy and has balanced trade. Suppose Congress is worried about the U.S. economy entering a recession following the outbreak of COVID-19, and as a result decreases taxes for households. a. Using the LF model, illustrate and describe the effect of this policy on the U.S. trade balance. b. Using the net exports model, illustrate and describe the effect of this policy on the U.S. real exchange rate.If the price level recently increased by 19% in Englandwhile falling by 6% in the Canada, by how much mustthe exchange rate change if PPP holds? Assume that thecurrent exchange rate is 0.58 pound per dollar
- (A) Government spending rises to 1,250. Compute the investment, trade balance, national savings and the equilibrium exchange rate and illustrate graphically. (B) Suppose that the world interest rate rises from 5 to 10 percent (G is again 1,000). Solve for national saving, investmentm trade balance and the equilibrium exchange rate. Explain what you find compared to part (A) and explain graphically.5. Suppose that the pound is pegged to gold at 6 pounds per ounce, whereas the franc is pegged to gold at 12 francs per ounce. This, of course, implies that the equilibrium exchange rate should be two francs per pound. If the current market exchange rate is 2.2 francs per pound, how would you take advantage of this situation? What would be the effect of shipping costs? 4 6. Explain how special drawing rights (SDR) are constructed. Also, discuss the circumstances under which the SDR was created.Initially, the exchange rate between Lebanon and Mexico is in equilibrium. Now, assume that there is a decrease in demand for Mexican pesos. As a result of this change, what will happen to Mexican pesos? an appreciation a depreciation no change Furthermore, a decrease in demand for Mexican pesos also results in winners and losers for various groups that are affected by the foreign exchange market. For the group in each example, indicate whether it is a winner or a loser in this change. ____ a tourist from Lebanon going on vacation to Mexico. ____ a mutual fund in Lebanon that purchases bonds in Mexico. ____ a family from Mexico visiting relatives in Lebanon. ____ a small firm in Mexico that sells DoDads in Lebanon. ____ a large firm in Lebanon selling chemicals in Mexico. ____ a multinational based in Mexico purchasing land in Lebanon. Answer Bank: winner, loser
- 11 Use the IS-LM-UIP model for an open economy with flexible exchange rates as a useful tool in discussion of domestic macroeconomic effects of high electricity prices, including petrol and diesel prices, and how this affects the purchasing power and economy of a country when electricity prices are 7-10 times normal6. Define the terms “net exports" and "net capital outflow". How are the two variables related in an open economy with clearing markets?Under a fixed exchange rate system (A). would be an exogenous monetary policy instrument, whereas under a flexible exchange rate system (B) endogenous monetary policy instrument. would be an O a. (A) the interest rate; (B) the exchange rate O b. (A) the exchange rate; (B) the interest rate O c. (A) the interest rate; (B) the interest rate O d. (A) the exchange rate; (B) the exchange rate