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- 1) A) List 15 drugs (monoclonal antibodies can be used) used clinically to treat cancer in humans. These targets must be signal transduction pathway components. B) For each drug, list the specific protein targeted. C) For each drug, describe the efficacy of treatment (i.e. what is the success rate in life extension) as well as appropriate cost of treatment whether it be per round or an average annual cost.2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-022-00692-1 (link to research) a) In the immunohistochemistry section of the materials and methods section the authors wrote “The number of positive cells in hotspot areas in ten high power fields (HPFs) in areas of demyelination and plaques in the brain stem were counted using the image analysis software (Lecia Application Suite Version 4.12.0, Welzlar, Germany).” Why were they looking at demyelination areas for this study? b) In the effect of mitoxantrone on histopathological changes in the brain section of the results section the authors wrote “Active plaques revealed inflammatory cellular infiltrates with abundant macrophages stuffed with myelin debris, an evidence of ongoing myelin breakdown.” What does macrophages stuffed with myelin debris have to do with the study?3 Infliximab is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody generated against the inflammatory cytokine TNF-a. Adalimumab is a fully humanized anti-TNF-a antibody. How might some patients become resistant to infliximab therapy and yet still respond to adalimumab?
- Are there foods that contain natural inhibitors of MDRs (or P-gp) that can enhance effectiveness of chemotherapy or other pharmacotherapies?.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of general chemotherapy like Etoposide compared to specific inhibition of EGFR.What is the role of genomics in generating anti-SEMA3A monoclonal antibodies as a potential therapeutic antibody against GBM progression? Explain in detailed manner.
- 55. Identify a MISMATCHED pair from the following, Group of answer choices lethal factor :::: protease activity; inhibits chemokine production. edema factor :::: unregulated cAMP synthesis protective antigen :::: binds and assembles at target cell membrane protective antigen :::: acts as a biosensor ; detects higher temperature of the digestive system to become active protective factor :::: aids in bringing other toxins components inside cell via endocytosis 56. Which of the following holds TRUE for blood agar medium? Group of answer choices gamma hemolysis is when there is no effect on red blood cells. alpha hemolysis is due to complete breakdown of red blood cells beta hemolysis is the incomplete breakdown of red blood cells. we always use human red blood cells in blood agar blood agar medium belongs to selective mediaSerum from individuals with high levels of antibody to SARS-CoV2 has been used to treat patients with severe COVID-19. What is ONE way (there are several) that passive immunization with the antibody to the virus could help these patients? HINT: think about what opsonization with antibody could do for the innate immune response.1. Basic of signal tranduction pathway in cancer disease 2. Specific of cellular response and organismal response in cancer disease.
- 27. In the context of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) therapy for leukemia, which statement about thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) levels is correct? A) High TPMT levels are associated with increased sensitivity to 6-MP and higher risk of adverse reactions. B) Low TPMT levels are associated with increased sensitivity to 6-MP and higher risk of adverse reactions C) High TPMT levels result in reduced metabolism of 6-MP, leading to decreased therapeutic efficacy D) Low TPMT levels result in increased metabolism of 6-MP, leading to excessive drug accumulation and toxicity.5) Briefly explain why the formation of a tumour can pose a risk to a person's homeostasis. 6) The functioning of the "Ras/MAPK" signal transduction pathway is absolutely essential in order for cells to grow, divide, and migrate. One important protein that is part of this pathway is BRAF. This protein is a kind of enzyme called a "kinase" – an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group onto another protein. In some melanomas, a mutated form of BRAF called BRAF Val600AGlu drives the progression of the cancer. The drug "vemurafenib" slows the progression of the cancer by slowing the production of the mutant BRAF protein. (National Cancer Institute. 2019. Types of Cancer Treatment. Retrieved from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/ Is this an example of a traditional cancer therapy or a targeted therapy? Briefly explain your reasoning in the space provided, using information provided in the text to support your answer. Type of therapy (traditional or targeted)?: Brief…Why can humanized anti-PD-1 is a new powerful immunotherapy for threating cancer?