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Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
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- Metaphase in mitosis is similar to what stage in meiosis? a. prophase I b. prophase II c. metaphase I d. metaphase II e. crossing-over1. Define homologous chromosome. 2. Define sister chromatids. 3. Identify whether each process below occurs during mitosis, meiosis, or both. a. Sister chromatids separate b. Haploid cells are formed c. Cell division occurs once d. Homologous chromosomes pair e. 4 haploid cells are the final result f. Crossing over occurs g. Replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell h. 2 diploid cells are the final resultHomologaus Chromasomes A= В. B = XX C = с. D = Centromere A. Sister Chromatids D. 7. Label the following terms/descriptions as either "Sister Chromatids", "Homologous Chromosomes," or "Both." (1 point each; 9 points total) a. Have identical DNA sequences b. Separate during meiosis c. Separate during mitosis d. Separate during meiosis I e. Separate during meiosis II f. One comes from the mother and the other from the father g. Are held together by cohesion h. Can undergo crossing over i. Are separated by the spindle
- B. If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 44 chromosomes, how many of each of the following structures will be present? 5. chromatids at anaphase I 6. chromatids at telophase II 7. centromeres after telophase I 8. centromeres after prophase II 9. chromosomes after anaphase II 10. chromosomes at metaphase I3) The small beads (pink and blue) on the chomatids represent the segments of DNA that have been swapped between non-sister chromatids within a tetrad. What is the term for this exchange of genetic information that occurs in prophase 1? MEIOSIS I. Cytoplasm Nuclear membrane Nucleus Prophase I16. Draw a diagram of Anaphase I and Anaphase II. Label the homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids, spindle fibres, and centrioles. Anaphase I Anaphase II 00 17. What is separated in Anaphase II? 18. In which stage of Meiosis II do the nuclear membranes reform? 19. How many cells are produced by the end of Meiosis II? 20. How do the cells produced at the end of Meiosis Il compare to each other? 21. How many chromosomes are there in each human gamete cell at the end of Meiosis II? 22. What is the haploid (n) number of chromosomes in humans? PART B. Google: McGraw Hill Animation Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis ! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9WDSfaPWO0 Link Here: MITOSIS MEIOSIS Type of Cell Number of Divisions Number of Cells Formed Identical or Different? Haploid or Diploid? Number of Chromosomes Formed in Each Cell Number of Times DNA is Replicated Does Crossing Over Occur? (yes or no)
- 16. The diagram below shows a phase in meiotic cell division. 小 In which phase does this process occur? A. Metaphase I B. Anaphase I C. Metaphase II D. Anaphase II 17. The graph shows the change in the quantity of DNA in a cell during a reduction division (meiosis). quantity of DNA /arbitrary units 2- time A cell with one pair of chromosomes (2n = 2) undergoes meiosis. Which nucleus is formed as a result of this division? A D Рage 7 | 234. Interpret the following images (hint: first describe each as _n=________chromosomes.) A B a. Indicate which diagram shows the following: C one daughter nucleus after telophase of mitosis? one daughter nucleus after telophase of meiosis I? one daughter nucleus after telophase of meiosis II? one nucleus during prophase of mitosis? 88 P b. Which of these diagrams does not fit with the others? D n= n= n= _n= E _1_x Indicate how much DNA is in each compared to its respective gamete which has 1x amount of DNA. In what way is it different? X1. If a cell has a chromosome number of 2 n=6, how many chromatids are expected to be present in prophase II cell? 2. Why is the genetic material reduced in meiosis?
- sperm of Panthera leo contains 19 chromosomes, which of the following is/are true about somatic cells? a. Panthera leo normally has 38 chromosomes in its body cells b. The Panthera leo cells normally contain 38 homologous chromosome pairs c. There are 38 sister chromatids per cell in G2 phase d. There are 76 sister chromatids per cell in G2 phase e. The somatic cell contains 38 sister chromatids1. How many chromosomes are found in the following Mitosis phase: a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase 2. How many chromosomes are found in the following phases of Meiosis: a. prophase I b. anaphase I c. end of telophase I d. metaphase II e. telophase II/cytokinesis B. Brief Answer. 1. Name two events during meiosis that contribute to genetic variability among gametes.21. What is the function of chiasma? A. links sister chromatid at mitotic metaphase B. links sister chromatids at meiotic metaphase I C. links pair of homologous chromosomes at meiotic metaphase I D. links pair of sister chromatids at meiotic metaphase II