2. Consider the overlapping generations model that was discussed in e lectures (please see lecture notes for details). Let u(x, y) denote the gent's utility from consuming z when young and y when old. Assume that (2, 1) = 5, u(1, 1) = 4, u(2,0) = 3, u(1,0) = 2. a) Show that there exists a subgame perfect equilibrium where each agent onsumes (1,1) and gets lifetime utility 4 when every agent observes the tire history of past transfers. b) Suppose that each agent t only observes the transfer of the previous gent t - 1. Show that there is a Nash equilibrium which supports the outcome where every agent transfers 1. An equilibrium is sequentially rational if it prescribes optimal choices
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- 1. Consider the following N-player game. Each agent has a choice of strategy A or B. The state variable is x, the proportion of agents choosing strategy A. For every agent, the utility of choosing strategy A is U(A) = 10 +2x and the utility of choosing strategy B is U(B) = 10+3x. What is the Nash equilibrium to this game? Explain.3. Consider the following game with nature: 6, 8 X Y 4, 5, 0 X 4, 6 Y 2 (p) L (1-P) High Low L' H 1 M (1/2) (1/2) 2 M' (9) (1-q) X' 3, 3 Y 10,7 X' 3, 0 Y' 8, 4 Does this game have any separating perfect Bayesian equilibrium? Show your analysis and, if there is such an equilibrium, report it (only one is required).Jagtar and Ravi both grow mangoes, which they sell in the same local market. They are deciding whether to pick 5 baskets worth of mangoes or 10 baskets, and have the following profit matrix: Jagtar 5 1 17 5 1 22 16 14 Ravi 1 24 14 a. What is the Nash equilibrium if both individuals make their decisions simultaneously? b. Does your analysis change if the local market charges a lump-sum fee of 12 to set up a stall and sell the mangoes in the space it provides? c. What would happen if the local market were instead to charge a lump-sum fee of 18?
- - Individuals 1 and 2 are forming a company. The value of their relationship depends on the effort that each expends. Suppose that individual i's utility from the relationship is x² + x; − xixj, where x¿ is individual i 's effort and x ; is the effort of the other person (i = 1, 2). Assume x1, x2 ≥ 0. Which statement is true? There is a Nash equilibrium in which each player chooses effort level k > 0. This equilibrium is Pareto efficient. There is no mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium. There is a unique Nash equilibrium in which each player chooses no effort x¿ = x; = 0. The set of Nash equilibria in this game is finite. There is a Nash equilibrium in which xi = 0 and x ; = 1| =5. Consider a modified version of the ultimatum bargaining game. The proposer's payoff is as in the standard ultimatum game. The responder's payoff is given by y + 2(y-2), where y is the responder's monetary reward, z is the proposer's monetary take. Find and report the subgame perfect equilibrium.Consider the following simultaneous move game where player 1 has two types. Player 2 does not know if he is playing with type a player 1 or type b player 1. Player 2 C D Player 1 A 12,9 3,6 B 6,0 6,9 C D A 0,9 3,6 B 6,0 6,9 Type a Player 1 Prob = 2/3 Type b Player 1 Prob = 1/3 Find the all the possible Bayesian Nash Equilibriums (BNE) of this game.
- Suppose players A and B play a discrete ultimatum game where A proposes to split a $5 surplus and B responds by either accepting the offer or rejecting it. The offer can only be made in $1 increments. If the offer is accepted, the players' payoffs resemble the terms of the offer while if the offer is rejected, both players get zero. Also assume that players always use the strategy that all strictly positive offers are accepted, but an offer of $0 is rejected. A. What is the solution to the game in terms of player strategies and payoffs? Explain or demonstrate your answer. B. Suppose the ultimatum game is played twice if player B rejects A's initial offer. If so, then B is allowed to make a counter offer to split the $5, and if A rejects, both players get zero dollars at the end of the second round. What is the solution to this bargaining game in terms of player strategies and payoffs? Explain/demonstrate your answer. C. Suppose the ultimatum game is played twice as in (B) but now there…In game theory, a dominant strategy is the best strategy to pick, no matter which moves are chosen by the other player. O to make the exact same move that was made by the other player. the choice that causes the payoff for the other player to be minimized, regardless of the payoff it earns the best strategy to pick, assuming the other player makes his or her best possible choice. to allocate all personnel resources towards defensive talent in order to dominate opposing offenses. 46°FSuppose now we alter the game so that whenever Colin chooses "paper" the loser pays the winner 3 instead of 1: rock paper scissors rock 0. -3 1 1. раper scissors -1 -1 3 (a) Show that xT= (,) and yT= (5) together are not a Nash equilibrium 3'31 for this modified 3'3 game. (b) Formulate a linear program that can be used to calculate a mixed strategy x € A(R) that maximises Rosemary's security level for this modified game. (c) Solve your linear program using the 2-phase simplex algorithm. You should use the format given in lectures. Give a mixed strategy x E A(R) that has an optimal security level for Rosemary and a mixed strategy y E A(C) that has an optimal security level for Colin.
- 1. Consider the following normal form game. X Y (a) What is the set of rationalizable strategies for this game? Player 1 Player 2 W Q 1,7 1,5 2,3 Z 3,4 0,4 0,6 R= (b) The game has only one Nash equilibrium and it is a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium. Compute and report this equilibrium. Equil. strategy profile:2 Consider Anna and Joe, who value a certain good by the same amount v and can choose to either contribute (C) e to get the good or not (N) where v > e> 0. Obtaining the good only requires c from one person. The game is summarized in the payoff table below: Joe V-c,V-c V-c,V v,V-c 0,0 Find a pure strategy equilibrium and a mixed strategy equilibrium. Anna O ZSuppose you are interested in applying equilibrium theory to the following game, where 01 Nash equilibrium in which player 2 plays a sub-optimal action. {E, F}. Show that there is Bayesian Player 2 A • 1,1 GF Player 1 R • -1,0 NF 0,0 Nature A • 1,0 GE 1-p R -1, –1 NE 0,0