1.1 Identify and label all nucleophiles/electrophiles in the following reaction. + R-NH₂ R 1.2 Based on your above analysis, draw two possible SN2 reaction mechanisms Intermolecular reaction (reaction between reaction sites on different molecules) Intramolecular reaction (reaction between reaction sites within the same molecule)
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- Consider the mechanism shown here: 2 NO --> N2O2 N2O2 + H2--> N2O2 + H2O (slow step) N2O + H2 ---> N2 + H2O Write the balanced, overall reaction for this mechanism. You do not need to subscript the #atoms in each molecule, use an "equals sign" for the arrow.Which set of reagents will accomplish this reaction? CO,H O1.1.02. UV-light 2. Zn in acetic acid 021. МСРВА 2. NaOH, water, then H30* O 3.1. PCC, dry dichloromethane 2. H30* O 4. 1. Ozone (03) 2. H202, water, then H30"When HCI, HBr, and HI were used as HX in the next reaction, the rates of all reactions were almost the same. below Answer the question. OH HX CH3 CH3 H2O (1) Show the ions that act as each nucleophile in order from the one that is considered to have the highest nucleophilic reactivity. (2) Explain the reason why you thought that the order was (1). (3) Explain why the reaction rates were almost the same regardless of which HX was used. (4) Nax was used instead of HX, but the reaction did not proceed. Explain the reason for this.
- a) Sketch the energy diagram for the conversion of tertiary butyl bromide to methyl t-butyl ether. Note that this is a two step reaction with the t-butyl cation as an intermediate. Assume that this is overall an exothermic reaction. Show the location of both transition states and the intermediate. The first step has the higher energy of activation and is the rate determining step. (CH3)3C-Br ------> (CH3)3C+ + Br- (CH3)3C+ + H3CO- ------> (CH3)3C-O-CH3 (b)Draw the curved arrow mechanism and the transition state when the tertiary butyl carbocation reacts with the methoxide ion to give an ether. (CH3)3C+ + H3CO- ------> (CH3)3C-O-CH3Furfuryl ethyl ether (FEE) was identified as a component that forms in aged beer, giving it a solvent-like taste U. Agric. Food Chem, 2004, 52, 1661) This ether can be formed from furfuryl alcohol (FALC, by either S,1 or S2 mechanisms. CH,CH,OH OCH,CH, furtury alcohol (prolonatec) furfuryl ethyl ether FEE) Draw a reasonable mechanism of the SN1 formation of FEE. Explain why it is possible for FALC to underga a SNI reaction, even though it would have to form a primary carbocation1. Consider the Arrhenius Equation (in the 3rd and final form in model 13.5.6b, also called the van't Hoff equation) and check each factor that should INCREASE the rate of a reaction. Raise the temperature Decrease the temperature Lower the activation energy Raise the activation energy Nothing in this equation has anything to do with the rate of a reaction.
- 4. Please choose either Reaction A or Reaction B, and then provide the complete mechanism. The mechanism MUST include the formation of the "super electrophile." Then provide the reaction coordinate pathway starting from benzene + super electrophile. Be sure to include an energy access and labels for reactants, products, intermediates, energies of activation, and transition states. Reaction A NO2 Reaction B HNO3, H2SO4 CH3COCI, AICI3Synthesis: A Hormone Herbicide please draw the molecules and explain 1. Draw benzene + methanol + acid catalysis = Hormone Herbicide intermediate 1. 2. Draw Hormone Herbicide intermediate 1 + fuming sulfuric acid + heat + time = Hormone Herbicide intermediate 2. 3. Draw Hormone Herbicide intermediate 2 + HNO3/H2SO4 + heat = Hormone Herbicide intermediate 3. 4. Draw Hormone Herbicide intermediate 3 + water + heat = Hormone Herbicide intermediate 4.5. Draw Hormone Herbicide intermediate 4 + H2/Pd = Hormone Herbicide intermediate 5.6. Draw Hormone Herbicide intermediate 5 + NaNO2/HCl = Hormone Herbicide intermediate 6.7. Draw Hormone Herbicide intermediate 6 + CuOH = Hormone Herbicide intermediate 7. 8. Draw Hormone Herbicide intermediate 7 + Cl2/FeCl3 = Hormone Herbicide intermediate 8.9. Draw Hormone Herbicide intermediate 8 + NaOH = Hormone Herbicide intermediate 9.10. Draw Hormone Herbicide intermediate 9 + 2-chloroethanoic acid = A Hormone Herbicide.Consider the reaction and answer the questions that follow. CH-CH2- CH2-I • CH,S° CH3- CH2- CH2-S– CH; + CH3-CH= CH2 Product A Product B O Explain which type or types of mechanisms (Sw1, SN2, E1, and E2) are applicable to this reaction. [") How can you increase the percentage of Product A? [ui) How can you obtain Product B as almost the only product? A. [i] SN2 & E2 [ii] Use better nucleophile [iii Use a non-nucleophilic base B. [i] SN2 & E2 [ii] Use higher Temperature [iii] Use a non- nucleophilic base C. [i] SN2 & E2 [ii] Use lower Temperature [iii] Use a non-nucleophilic base D. [i] SN1 & E1 [ii] Use lower Temperature [iii] Use a non-nucleophilic base
- 1. 2. ㅅ a = Proton transfer b Lewis acid/base C = Radical chain substitution = 1. 00 2. Br₂ CH3OH conc. HBr OCH 3 Br + OH d = O Radical chain addition e = Electrophilic addition f = E1 Elimination HBr Br E2 Elimination SN1 Nucleophilic substitution i = SN2 Nucleophilic substitution Identify the mechanism by which each of the reactions above proceeds from among the mechanisms listed. Use the letters a - i for your answers. 9 h -Consider the following overall reaction that uses liquid acetone (CH;COCH3) as a reactant to produce a compound with two different functional groups. The reaction follows this mechanism: 2 f.,,.e f.....f .. + H2O (1) + :OH 6.. :OH མེན་གྱིས་ འབུ་ ིམ་མི་ ོ་ ེ་ ི་ ་ :OH What is true for the first step in the this mechanism? O AH > o ( Endothermic) AH o ( Exothermic)Write a complete reaction mechanism using CORRECT nucleophile for the following substitution reaction; CI OCH3 i) Nucleophilic substitution 1 (SN1). ii) Nucleophilic substitution 2 (SN2).