Answered: 1. P, S, Cl and Ar. How does Z*…

1. P, S, Cl and Ar. How does Z* correlate with their covalent radii. Calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z*) for the valence electron for

General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305580343

Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell

Publisher:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell

Chapter9: Ionic And Covalent Bonding

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9.124QP

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Concept explainers

Thermochemistry

Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.

Exergonic Reaction

The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.

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P, S, Cl and Ar. How does Z* correlate with their covalent radii.
Calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z*) for the valence electron for

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The lattice energy of an ionic solid such as NaCl is the enthalpy change H for the process in which the solid changes to ions. For example, NaCl(s)Na+(g)+Cl(g)H=786kJ/mol Assume that the ionization energy and electron a affinity are H values for the processes defined by those terms. The ionization energy of Na is 496 kJ/mol. Use this, the electron affinity from Table 8.4, and the lattice energy of NaCl to calculate H for the following process: Na(g)+Cl(g)NaCl(s)
Use the data provided below to calculate the lattice energy of RbCl. Is this value greater or less than thelattice energy of NaCl? Explain.Electron affinity of Cl = –349 kJ/mol1st ionization energy of Rb = 403 kJ/molBond energy of Cl2 = 242 kJ/molSublimation energy of Rb = 86.5 kJ/molΔHf [RbCl (s)] = –430.5 kJ/mol
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Consider an ionic compound, MX2MX2, composed of generic metal MM and generic, gaseous halogen XX. The enthalpy of formation of MX2MX2 is Δ?∘f=−923ΔHf∘=−923 kJ/mol. The enthalpy of sublimation of MM is Δ?sub=131ΔHsub=131 kJ/mol. The first and second ionization energies of MM are IE1=755IE1=755 kJ/mol and IE2=1364IE2=1364 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of XX is Δ?EA=−329ΔHEA=−329 kJ/mol. (Refer to the hint). The bond energy of X2X2 is BE=153BE=153 kJ/mol. Determine the lattice energy of MX2MX2. Δ?lattice=ΔHlattice= kJ/mol
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Consider an ionic compound, MXMX, composed of generic metal MM and generic, gaseous halogen XX. The enthalpy of formation of MXMX is Δ?∘f=−553Δ⁢Hf∘=−553 kJ/mol. The enthalpy of sublimation of MM is Δ?sub=129Δ⁢Hsub=129 kJ/mol. The ionization energy of MM is IE=491IE=491 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of XX is Δ?EA=−325Δ⁢HEA=−325 kJ/mol. (Refer to the hint). The bond energy of X2X2 is BE=219BE=219 kJ/mol. Determine the lattice energy of MXMX. Δ?lattice=Δ⁢Hlattice= kJ/mol

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