1. Methane can be chlorinated by free radical substitution. A very large excess of methane (CH4) is required for the formation of chloromethane. A mixture of methane and chlorine is stable at room temperature. However, the component of mixture reacted rapidly upon exposure to visible light. The reaction begins with the photochemically induced homolytic cleavage the CL-Cl bond to produce two chlorine atoms (Cl). One of the chlorine atoms collides with methane to form HCl and creates a new methyl radical (CH3) in the first propagation reaction. The methyl radical is then reacted with Cl₂ molecules to form chloromethane (CH3CI) and chlorine atom (Cl) in the second propagation step. The two propagation steps continue until the concentrations of Cl₂ and CH4 were reduced. Hence, the reaction between two radicals of Cl and CH3 become significant in termination step and form another chloromethane molecules (CH3CI). A. Based on the sequence of chain reaction stated above, propose the overall mechanism of reaction. B. By considering the pseudo-steady state (PSS) approximation for radical/intermediate species, develop a rate law equation for the formation of chloromethane (CH3Cl) based on the proposed mechanism in (a) if the reaction was conducted in plug flow reactor (PFR)
Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
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1. Methane can be chlorinated by free radical substitution. A very large excess of methane (CH4) is required for the formation of chloromethane. A mixture of methane and chlorine is stable at room temperature. However, the component of mixture reacted rapidly upon exposure to visible light. The reaction begins with the photochemically induced homolytic cleavage the CL-Cl bond to produce two chlorine atoms (Cl). One of the chlorine atoms collides with methane to form HCl and creates a new methyl radical (CH3) in the first propagation reaction. The methyl radical is then reacted with Cl₂ molecules to form chloromethane (CH3CI) and chlorine atom (Cl) in the second propagation step. The two propagation steps continue until the concentrations of Cl₂ and CH4 were reduced. Hence, the reaction between two radicals of Cl and CH3 become significant in termination step and form another chloromethane molecules (CH3CI).
A. Based on the sequence of chain reaction stated above, propose the overall mechanism of reaction.
B. By considering the pseudo-steady state (PSS) approximation for radical/intermediate species, develop a rate law equation for the formation of chloromethane (CH3Cl) based on the proposed mechanism in (a) if the reaction was conducted in plug flow reactor (PFR).
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