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1. How do muscle cells remain differentiated as muscle cells?
2. A mutation occurs in the Drosophila doublesex gene that prevents Tra from binding to the dsx RNA transcript. What would be the consequences of this mutation for Dsx protein expression in males? In females?
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- A mutation occurs in the Drosophila doublesex gene that prevents Tra from binding to the dsx RNA transcript. What would be the consequences of this mutation for Dsx protein expression in males? In females?2. a. You want to create a genetic construct that will express GFP in Drosophila. In addition to the GFPcoding sequence, what DNA element(s) must youinclude in order to express this protein in flies if theconstruct were integrated into the Drosophila genome? Where should such DNA element(s) be located? How would you ensure that GFP is expressedonly in certain tissues of the fly, such as the wing?b. Suppose you insert the GFP coding region plus allof the DNA elements required by the answer to part(a)—except the enhancer—between inverted repeatsfound at the ends of a particular transposable element.Because all of the DNA sequences located betweenthese inverted repeats can move from place to placein the Drosophila genome, you can generate manydifferent fly strains, each with the construct integrated at a different genomic location. You now examine animals from each strain for GFPfluorescence. Animals from different strains showdifferent patterns: some glow green in the eyes,others in…12. a. You want to create a genetic construct that will express GFP in Drosophila. In addition to the GFPcoding sequence, what DNA element(s) must youinclude in order to express this protein in flies if theconstruct were integrated into the Drosophila genome? Where should such DNA element(s) be located? How would you ensure that GFP is expressedonly in certain tissues of the fly, such as the wing?b. Suppose you insert the GFP coding region plus allof the DNA elements required by the answer to part(a)—except the enhancer—between inverted repeatsfound at the ends of a particular transposable element.Because all of the DNA sequences located betweenthese inverted repeats can move from place to placein the Drosophila genome, you can generate manydifferent fly strains, each with the construct integrated at a different genomic location. You now examine animals from each strain for GFPfluorescence. Animals from different strains showdifferent patterns: some glow green in the eyes,others in…
- What would be the most likely effect of inhibiting the translation of hunchback mRNA throughout a Drosophila embryo?1. How is PKD inherited? What gene is responsible for the expression of PK enzyme ?19. After showing that Sox2 is able to bind to the Hes5 promoter, what are two future experiments that could be done to further highlight Sox2's role in neurogenesis?
- 1a. Provide a paper published in a scientific journal between January 2018 and September 2022 that addresses the role of an example of histone modification in affecting expression of a gene by altering histone acetylation/chromatin state of the DNA encoding that gene.1A.If transcription factor G is downstream of EGFR and upregulates gene H, what happens to H if Grb2 has an ER signal sequence? 1B. If transcription factor A is phosphorylated by Akt and upregulates gene B, what happens to gene B if a PI3K inhibitor is added? Choices are: A. No expression of the gene B. Upregulation even in the absence of stimulation/ EGF C. Upregulation but only in the presence of cytokine/ EGF1a. Provide a paper published in a scientific journal between January 2018 and September 2022 that addresses the role of an example of histone modification in affecting expression of a gene by altering histone acetylation/chromatin state of the DNA encoding that gene. What organism and/or cell type did the authors do their study in?
- 18. Two eukaryotic genes (A and B) are involved in two different metabolic pathways, and each has a control element sequence (enhancer) upstream of their coding sequence. The interaction of these enhancers with specific transcription factors determines the level of gene expression. These two genes are expressed differentially in two different tissues (tissue 1 and tissue 2) according to the table below. Tissue 1 Tissue 2 Gene A OFF ON Gene B ON OFF What can explain this pattern of gene expression? A. Gene A and B have different control element sequences and the cells of tissue 1 and tissue 2 express the same transcription factors (at the same concentration and at the same time). B. Gene A and B have the same control element sequences and the cells of tissue 1 and tissue 2 express different transcription factors. C. Gene A and B have the same control element sequences and the cells of tissue 1 and tissue 2 express the same transcription factors (at the same concentration and at the same…13. Two transcription factors, A and B, are required to bind an enhancer, E, in order for Gene X to be transcribed (see diagram) 00 Gene X Let a and b represent recessive amorphic alleles of the transcription factors and E represent a deletion of the enhancer. Assuming Gene X IS haplosufficient, what phenotype will the following individuals have? Individual 1: Ala B/b E/E Individual 2: A/A B/B E/E- a. Individual 1: Wildtype; Individual 2: Wildtype b. Individual 1: Mutant; Individual 2: Wildtype c. Individual 1: Wildtype; Individual 2: Mutant d. Individual 1: Mutant; Individual 2: Mutant1. Which of the following ensures that most genes on one X chromosome are not expressed in female animal cells? a.Knockout b.Circadian rhythm c.Repressors d,X chromosome inactivation 2. Which of the following is a function of histones in the process of gene expression? a.They wrap or unwind DNA and affect which DNA regions are accessible to RNA polymerase. b.They transport mRNA to key regions in the cytoplasm. c.They bind to DNA to increase or decrease transcription. d.They modify newly transcribed mRNA sequences.