1. Draw the structures corresponding to the following names: a) 2- Bromobutane 3-Chloro-2-methylpentane c) 1-Chloro-3-methylbutane e) 1-Bromo-4-chlorrobutane f) 4-Bromo-1-chloropentane b) d) 1,3-Dichloro-3-methylbutane 2. Predict the products of the following reactions: CH3 (a) (b) OH CH3CH₂CHCH₂CHCH3 + PBr3 CH3 OH + HCI ? CH,CHCH₂CH₂CH₂OH → 4-methyl-1-pentanol ? 3. Show the chemical equation on how to convert 4-methyl-1-pentanol into 2-methylpentane? CH, I
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
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