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Cost of Capital
Shareholders and investors who invest into the capital of the firm desire to have a suitable return on their investment funding. The cost of capital reflects what shareholders expect. It is a discount rate for converting expected cash flow into present cash flow.
Capital Structure
Capital structure is the combination of debt and equity employed by an organization in order to take care of its operations. It is an important concept in corporate finance and is expressed in the form of a debt-equity ratio.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is a tool used for calculating the cost of capital for a firm wherein proportional weightage is assigned to each category of capital. It can also be defined as the average amount that a firm needs to pay its stakeholders and for its security to finance the assets. The most commonly used sources of capital include common stocks, bonds, long-term debts, etc. The increase in weighted average cost of capital is an indicator of a decrease in the valuation of a firm and an increase in its risk.
Nielson Motors (NM) has no debt. Its assets will be worth $600 million in one year if the economy is strong, but only $300 million if the economy is weak. Both events are equally likely. The market value today of Nielson's assets is $400 million. 1) The expected return for Nielson Motors stock without leverage is closest to: A) -25.0%. B) -17.5%. C) -12.5%. D) 12.5%.
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- Wolfrum Technology (WT) has no debt. Its assets will be worth $467 million one year from now if the economy is strong, but only $295 million in one year if the economy is weak. Both events are equally likely. The market value today of its assets is $291 million. a. What is the expected return of WT stock without leverage? b. Suppose the risk-free interest rate is 5%. If WT borrows $139 million today at this rate and uses the proceeds to pay an immediate cash dividend, what will be the market value of its equity just after the dividend is paid, according to MM? c. What is the expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid in part (b)? a. The unievered expected return of WT stock is (Round to two decimal places)Your company doesn't face any taxes and has $768 million in assets, currently financed entirely with equity. Equity is worth $51.80 per share, and book value of equity is equal to market value of equity. Also, let's assume that the firm's expected values for EBIT depend upon which state of the economy occurs this year, with the possible values of EBIT and their associated probabilities as shown below: State Probability of state Expected EBIT in state Recession 0.10 $118 million Average Boom 0.75 0.15 $193 million $253 million The firm is considering switching to a 15 percent debt capital structure, and has determined that they would have to pay a 11 percent yield on perpetual debt in either event. What will be the standard deviation in EPS if they switch to the proposed capital structureYour company doesn't face any taxes and has $755 million in assets, currently financed entirely with equity. Equity is worth $50.50 per share, and book value of equity is equal to market value of equity. Also, let's assume that the firm's expected values for EBIT depend upon which state of the economy occurs this year, with the possible values of EBIT and their associated probabilities as shown below: State Recession Average Boom Probability of State .20 .60 .20 Expect EBIT in State $105 million $180 million $240 million The firm is considering switching to a 20-percent debt capital structure, and has determined that they would have to pay a 10 percent yield on perpetual debt in either event. What will be the standard deviation in EPS if they switch to the proposed capital structure? (Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places except calculation of number of shares which should be rounded to nearest whole number.)
- Milton Industries expects free cash flows of $19 million each year. Milton's corporate tax rate is 22 %, and its unlevered cost of capital is 13%. Milton also has outstanding debt of $73.37 million, and expects to maintain this level of debt permanently. a. What is the value of Miton Industries without leverage? b. What is the value of Milton Industries with leverage? Cam a. What is the value of Milton Industries without leverage? The value of Milton Industries without leverage is 5 million (Round to two decimal places.) b. What is the value of Milton Industries with leverage? The value of Milton Industries with leverage is $million. (Round to two decimal places)1. EBIT and Leverage Fujita, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $222,000. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $18,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 25 percent higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 30 percent lower. The company is considering a $60,000 debt issue with an interest rate of 7 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 7,400 shares outstanding. Ignore taxes for this problem. Assume the stock price is constant under all scenarios. a. Calculate earnings per share, EPS, under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued. Also calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession b. Repeat part (a) assuming that the company goes through with recapitalization. What do you observe? 2. EBIT, Taxes, and Leverage Repeat parts (a) and (b) in Problem 1 assuming the…Happy Time Inc. is expected to generate the following cash flows for the next year, as shown in the table below. Happy Time now only has one outstanding debt with a face value of $110 million to be repaid in the next year. The current market value for the debt is $67 million. The tax rate is zero. If the firm is financed by common equity and debt, what is the expected value of common equity next year? Cash flow in the next year Probability Amount Economy Boom 0.3 $110 million Normal 0.4 $101 million Recession 0.3 $61 million $26.8 million $24.7 million $0 -$18.3 million
- Milton Industries expects free cash flows of $14 million each year. Milton's corporate tax rate is 21%, and its unlevered cost of capital is 14%. Milton also has outstanding debt of $25.57 million, and it expects to maintain this level of debt permanently. a. What is the value of Milton Industries without leverage? b. What is the value of Milton Industries with leverage? a. What is the value of Milton Industries without leverage? The value of Milton Industries without leverage is $ million. (Round to two decimal places.) b. What is the value of Milton Industries with leverage? The value of Milton Industries with leverage is $ million. (Round to two decimal places.)HiLo, Inc., doesn't face any taxes and has $255.4 million in assets, currently financed entirely with equity. Equity is worth $16 per share, and book value of equity is equal to market value of equity. Also, let's assume that the firm's expected values for EBIT depend upon which state of the economy occurs this year, with the possible values of EBIT and their associated probabilities as shown below: State Probability of state Expected EBIT in state Pessimistic 0.45 $ 1,660,100 $ Optimistic 0.55 $ 16,856,400 The firm is considering switching to a 20-percent-debt capital structure, and has determined that it would have to pay a 12 percent yield on perpetual debt in either event. What will be the level of expected EPS if the firm switches to the proposed capital structure? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Expected EPSAn unlevered firm has expected earnings of $4,780,000 and a market value of equity of $56,478,000. The firm is planning to issue $22,591,200 of debt at 5.1 percent interest and use the proceeds to repurchase shares at their current market value. Ignore taxes. What will be the cost of equity after the repurchase? 10.71% 10.58% 10.45% 10.32% 10.19%
- Lo, Incorporated doesn't face any taxes and has $150 million in assets, currently financed entirely with equity. Equity is worth $7 per hare, and book value of equity is equal to market value of equity. Also, let's assume that the firm's expected values for EBIT depend bon which state of the economy occurs this year, with the possible values of EBIT and their associated probabilities as shown below: State Probability of state Expected EBIT in state Pessimistic 0.45 $5 million Expected EPS Optimistic 0.55 $ 19 million The firm is considering switching to a 40-percent-debt capital structure, and has determined that it would have to pay a 12 percent vield on perpetual debt in either event. What will be the level of expected EPS if the firm switches to the proposed capital structure? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.Your company faces a 30% tax rate and has $264 million in assets, currently financed entirely with equity. Equity is worth $9.40 per share, and a book value of equity is equal to the market value of equity. Also, let's assume that the firm's expected values for EBIT depend upon which state of the economy occurs this year, with the possible values of EBIT and their associated probabilities as shown below: State Pessimistic Optimistic Probability of State .30 .70 Expect EBIT in State $11.4 million $51.4 million The firm is considering switching to a 25-percent debt capital structure, and has determined that they would have to pay a 11 percent yield on perpetual debt in either event. What will be the level of expected EPS if they switch to the proposed capital structure? (Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places, except calculation of number of shares which should be rounded to nearest whole number.)Merit Inc. has zero coupon debt outstanding that will have to be repaid in three years, with a face value of $80.00 million. The risk-free interest rate is 4.19% per annum (continuously compounded). You estimate that the firm's asset volatility is 17.39% per annum and that its assets are currently worth $102.00 million. It doesn't pay dividends. Use Merton's model to estimate the value of Merit's equity. Write your answer in million of dollars.