case study Essay

Calcium plays a very significant role in our bodies. Approximately 99 percent of the calcium in our bodies is stored in the teeth and bones. Calcium generates about two percent of our total body weight. Calcium is crucial in bone formation, keeping strong bones and teeth and is known for helping to prevent osteoporosis. Although calcium is mostly thought about in the bones and teeth, it also plays important roles throughout the body. The amount of calcium outside the bones and teeth may be small in comparison to what is inside the bones and teeth, but is very useful in many functions in the body. Calcium is required in functions such as the contraction

Throughout a lifetime, old bone is removed (resorption) and new bone is added (formation) to the skeleton. During childhood and teenage years, new bone is added faster than old bone is removed. Consequently, bone become larger, heavier, and denser. Bone formation continues at a pace faster than resorption until peak bone mass, which is reached around age 30. After age 30, bone resorption slowly exceeds bone formation. In women, bone loss is most rapid in the first years after menopause but persists throughout the postmenopausal years. Based on year 2000 census data, it is estimated that 55% of people age 50 and older have either osteoporosis or low bone mass. The major risk

Osteoporosis is a direct consequence of the excessive loss of calcium and bone protein, the

Calcium is a mineral that is regulated in the blood by the thyroid. According to the Medline Plus website (2018), Calcium is important for balancing a body’s pH, contracting and relaxing muscles, building strong bones, blood clotting, sending and receiving nerve signals, and keeping a normal heartbeat (Medline Plus, 2018). When our diets lack in calcium, our body has to work twice as hard and takes from calcium stores in our bones. As stated in option three, a food journal was kept to keep track of my calcium intake for two days and compared to a USDA website. These are my findings.

The pathophysiology of how strong bone becomes osteoporotic is an interesting process. The body is continuously trying to maintain a sense of homeostasis and keep every cell and organ within the body at a constant state of happiness. During the homeostatic process, cells of bone are continuously undergoing processes of formation and resorption. This all-inclusive progression of building up bone occurs throughout life and is the key in modifying bones during trauma or just natural growth (Van der Kamp, 2012). Bone cells that assist with formation of bone are called osteoclasts, and bone cells that assist with the resorption of bone are called osteoclasts.

Bone tissue is hard and has a calcified matrix (where the pores are filled with calcium) containing collagen fibers; osteocytes (mature bone cells) lie in the lacunae (cavity containing bone cells). The key functions of bone tissues are: support and protect the body structure and provide cavities for fat storage and synthesis of blood cells. Because the matrix of bone tissue is hard and rigid, the tissue is able to provide support and protection to the

Throughout life the skeletal system is constantly changing. Bone modeling, formation and growth of bones, occurs from birth to early adulthood resulting in increase in skeletal mass and changes in skeletal form. Naturally the peak bone mass is achieved in the third decade of life, meaning the bones are at their strongest state in human development. Bone remodeling, a response to micro trauma and stress on the bone, is a dynamic process that also occurs through life. Bone is composed of collagen type 1, a protein, minerals such as calcium and phosphate and bone forming cells (osteoblasts and osteocytes) as wells as bone resorbing cells known as osteoclasts. Calcium is a main contributor of bone strength. In fact 99% of calcium is stored in bones and teeth with one percent remaining in the blood. The process of bone remodeling is activated by stressors such as weight bearing and is necessary to maintain bone mass in an adult. It’s a dynamic process in which bone resorption is always

A lack of Vitamin D can cause weak bones and therefore increased bone loss. Vitamin D is important in absorbing and making use of calcium.

Bone is a form of collagen; a protein that creates the structure and with calcium phosphate makes this structure hard and strong. Collagen and calcium make bone strong and flexible enough to withstand stress (National Library of Medicine, 2016). Bone is considered a living tissue and everyday undergoes reproduction as any other tissue. As much of 99 percent of the calcium in the body is in the bones and teeth, and the 1 percent is in the bloodstream.

First of all, sex hormones play a crucial role in osteoporosis. For instance, when females' monthly periods stop, their estrogen levels will drop. Moreover, their bone density will decrease because estrogen (females' hormone) is important to maintain their bone healthy (3). Like females, the level of Testosterone hormone in males impacts the bones health. Second, lack of the calcium and vitamin D in people's daily meals. Calcium and vitamin D are both essential items to support the bone structure. Since the bones consist of calcium and without vitamin D the absorption of calcium will be less than the normal

Bone is a living tissue with its own supply of blood and nerves. Bone remodeling is the process of bone being destroyed or bone resorption, or mineralization. Two types of cells are involved osteoblast for rebuilding and osteoclasts for destroying. Bone turnover is the rate of bone remodeling and five times higher for children than adults. The spongy bone is located at the ends with red bone marrow and most in. Osteoporosis is a disease which is a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) which mainly affects the spongy bone. This decrease in BMD causes an increase of fractures. The normal bone loses BMD and osteopenia develops first which progresses to osteoporosis. BMD peaks at twenty to thirty years of age and declines. The ranges of BMD could be as high as 1200 mg/cm dropping to 400 mg/cm in osteoporosis state. The risk factors for osteoporosis are low BMD from aging and vitamin D synthesis, less gastric juice for absorbing calcium, postmenopausal due to decreased estrogen amounts. People with low body weight have lower BMD and at risk for osteoporosis. Smoking impairs bone remodeling and alcoholism due to poor eating and exercise habits. Fractures of bones occur mostly in the hip, spine or vertebrae and wrist and forearm. A fracture in the hip can cause more complications. Twenty percent of people with hip fractures can die within several months. Calcium and vitamin D are needed in young adults or their BMD will not reach a high enough level. A diet high in protein with low calcium will cause loss of calcium in the urine. Weight bearing exercise stimulates the osteoblasts to build more bone. Walking is good for the legs and weight lifting for other bones. Swimming is not a good exercise for making bones stronger because the body weighs

There are numerous factors that contribute to the development of this horrible disease, but the most important factor is vitamin D deficiency. When the minerals in osteoid crystallize, they require adequate concentration of calcium and phosphate. When the concentration is not at the correct level, ossification does not proceed normally (Huether & McCance, 2008). Vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium from the intestine. When there is a lack of vitamin D, the concentration of calcium begins to fall (Huether & McCance, 2008). The body begins to regulate this calcium drop by increases the amount of PTH synthesis and secretion (Huether & McCance, 2008). An increase of PTH causes a clearance of phosphate and without the correct levels of phosphate mineralization of the bones cannot proceed in the correct manor (Huether & McCance, 2008). The abnormality of bone growth can occur in spongy and compact bone (Mayo

In bone,the calcium makes the bone stay strong so it can be hard enough to protect oragans like ribs protecting the heart , lung and enable it to provide support to our body like femur.In muscle, contraction and relaxation of the muscles occur due to quickly changing concentrations of calcium inside the muscle cells. Calcium will turned thin filament into an activated state through binding to troponin. The binding of between calcium and troponin changes its shape then the myosin binding sites on the actin are exposed so we can have movement and produce heat when the skeletal muscles contract. When the skin becomes broken, calcium works together with vitamin K and a fibrinogen in the clotting cascade.In contrast, without enough levels of calcium , blood will take longer to clot,then it will increase the chance of inflammation as the pathogens can get into body through the

Bone at the tissue level undergoes remodeling: it is continuously being resorbed and rebuilt (or formed). A negative balance between bone resorption and formation, frequently due to excessive resorption, is the basis of many bone diseases.

Osseous tissue contains specialized cells, cell products, and a fluid matrix. The distinctive solid, stony nature of bone results from the deposition of calcium salts within the matrix. Crystals of calcium phosphate account for almost two-thirds of the weight of the bone. The majority of