Yearly, around six hundred to nine hundred people are diagnosed with Aplastic Anemia within the

The most prominent cause of Iron Deficiency Anemia is bleeding. Blood loss from the Gastrointestinal Tract is a significant cause of anemia for both men and women. When blood is present in excrement, a gastrointestinal problem exists. Many times, people are unaware of these problems with their waste products. When they begin to feel the symptoms of anemia and undergo tests that determine that they are anemic, it begins the process of discovering more health problems. Anemia can serve as the precursor of certain diseases. There are many instances when it is merely a sign of severe disease such as a peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, hemorrhoids, angiodysplasis of the colon, and colonic adenocarcinoma (http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/sep_96/browne.htm).

Iron deficiency anemia, one of the most common types of anemia, is a blood disorder where

This anemia results in fatigue and a number of the following problems;pain episodes, strokes, susceptibility to bacterial infections, particularly in children, leg ulcers, bone damage, yellow eyes or jaundice, early gallstones, lung blockage, increased infections, kidney damage and loss of body water in urine, painful erections in men, blood blockage in the spleen or liver, eye damage, low red blood cell counts (anemia), and delayed growth.

Also known as normocytic anemia. This is the most frequent type of anemia most often happening to males over 85 years old. It is a common problem that occurs to men and women over 85 years old. Symptoms include and are caused by: a reduced production of normal-sized red blood cells even though presence of hemoglobin in the red blood cells is within the standard range; an increased production of HbS as is seen in sickle cell diseases; greater destruction and loss of red blood cells; an increase in plasma volume that is not compensated by anything else; a B2 (riboflavin) deficiency; and a B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency. (Brill & Baumgardner 2000).

Your doctor will look for symptoms of anemia and other physical clues that might point to a cause. There are basically three different causes of anemia: blood loss, decreased or faulty red blood cell production, or destruction of red blood cells Complete blood count (CBC), which determines the number, size, volume, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells . Blood iron level and your serum ferritin level, the best indicators of your body's total iron stores . Levels of vitamin B12 and folate, vitamins necessary for red blood cell production . Special blood tests to detect rare causes of anemia, such as an immune attack on your red blood cells, red blood cell fragility, and defects of enzymes, hemoglobin, and clotting Reticulocyte count, bilirubin, and other blood and urine tests to determine how quickly your blood cells are being made or if you have a hemolytic anemia, where your red blood cells .Only in rare cases will a doctor need to remove a sample of bone marrow to determine the cause of your anemia.Medical professionals use medication,therapy, surgery, and

Humoral immunity also known as the B cells becomes mature in the bone marrow. Humoral immunity lymphocytes produce antibodies, which bind directly to the surfaces area of an antigen and label it for destruction. Cellular immunity also known as T cells originally made in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus. Cellular immunity do not produce antibodies, it relies on the production of cytotoxins, which is produced by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells.

For this discussion board I chose to write about a disorder not listed in our text that I recently became aware of which is Pancytopenia. Medical experts have defined Panctopenia as a health condition that involves a drop in the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets in the bloodstream. Pancytopenia is different from other diseases that are marked by blood cell reduction. The condition is often mistaken for Anemia that involves a drop in red blood cell count. It is also misidentified with Leukopenia which is characterized by a low level of white blood cells. Pancytopenia, however, involves a drop in all the different types of blood cells and platelets. Pancytopenia is also known as Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome. This is because the condition results from a failure of the bone marrow or decreased bone marrow production.

Anemia is a common manifestation in patients with SLE. The most common forms of anemia are autoimmune hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, drug-induced myelotoxicity, anemia of chronic renal failure and rarely types such as pure red cell aplasia, B12 deficiency anemia and myelofibrosis (Samohvalov et al., 2012).

Anemia is characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells and /or hemoglobin. In people with anemia, the body makes too few red blood cells, loses too many of them, or destroys them before they are replaced. Hemoglobin is the main part of red blood cells. It is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Anemia is not a single disease. It is an indication that something is wrong.

According to WebM.D., “Anemia is the most common blood condition in the U.S. that affects about 3.5 million Americans.” Those that are at increased risk of anemia are young children, people with chronic diseases, and women. Anemia can be hereditary, and can affect babies at birth. Due to childbearing years and blood loss from menstruation, women are more prone to iron-deficiency anemia. Also many elderly people are susceptible of developing anemia due to poor diet and other medical problems. There are different types

Aplastic Anemia is a rare disease in which a person’s bone marrow fails to produce new blood cells. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue found in some of our bones and is responsible for blood cell formation, hematopoiesis. Our bone marrow is given the task to generate red blood cells, which carry oxygen, white blood cells, which fight foreign entities, and platelets, which are responsible for blood clotting. In children, bone marrow is found in the long bones such as the femur, and in adults it is mostly found in flat bones such as the sternum and pelvic girdle. Patients who are diagnosed with Aplastic Anemia are deficient in all three blood cells, due to damage to

Anaemia is an iron deficiency disorder and is one of the most common types of anaemia amongst most women and some men; it is very treatable by taking a supply of iron tablets and adding new changes to the diet such as eating more green leafy vegetables. Anaemia comes in numerous forms some ranging from a low to high health problem and each have different causes, each anaemia deficiency have different treatments depending on the condition of the patient. In the most extreme case of anaemia a blood transfusion is vital because of the low haemoglobin present in the blood, furthermore when having a blood transfusion the blood has to match your blood type in order for this to be successful; this is then given over several hours through an IV which is placed in the arm. Many other diseases can cause anaemia such as kidney failure, crohns disease etc these all can interfere with the making of red blood cells.

A rare blood disorder in which the bone marrow does not produce enough Red Blood Cells. Without enough production of Red Blood cells your body cannot carry Oxygen efficiently, it also cannot remove carbon dioxide from your body through the lungs, like it should.

Fanconi anemia (fan-KO-nee uh-NEE-me-uh), or FA, is a rare, inherited blood disorder that generally leads to bone marrow failure. While it is rare, only effecting less than 2% of the world's population is more commonly seen in South Africa. It is named after the Swiss pediatrician who first published information after clinical observations in 1927. FA is the result of a genetic defect in a cluster of proteins responsible for the DNA repair. As a result, the majority of FA patients develop cancer, most often acute myelogenous leukemia and around 90% develop bone marrow failure by the age of 40. About 60–75% of FA patients are plagued with congenital defects, commonly short stature, abnormalities of the skin, arms, head, eyes, kidneys, and ears, and developmental disabilities. Also around 75% of FA patients have some form of endocrine problem, with varying degrees of severity. Life expectancy for someone with Fanconi's Anemia is approximately 22 years.

Aplastic anemia is a rare haemopoetic stem-cell disorder that stems from hypocellular bone marrow, and pancytopenia, which is a medical condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red and white blood cells, as well as platelets (Osnat et.al 2014). If only two parameters from the full blood count are low, the term bicytopenia can be used. The diagnostic approach is the same as for pancytopenia. Previous studies have shown that most patients with acquired aplastic anemia had decreased regulatory T cells (Yang et.al 2013). The regulatory T cells are formerly known as suppressor T cells. They are a subpopulation of T cells which modulate the immune system, maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and abrogate autoimmune disease.