Unknown Lab Report

There are many differents ways to identify a bacterial unknown and many different situations where identification would be beneficial. One way to identify bacterial unknowns is to perform biochemical tests. In this experiment multiple biochemical tests were done, by performing these tests on the bacterial unknown received the two different bacteria were then identified. The citrate test is done to test the ability of organisms to use citrate as a carbon source. This test uses Simmons citrate agar, the agar contains sodium citrate as the only carbon source and has bromothymol blue as the pH indicator. The organisms that use citrate as a carbon source use the enzyme to transport the citrate into the cell. The cells converts ammonium dihydrogen

The purpose of this lab was to identify two unknown bacteria from a mixed culture. The reason for identification of unknown bacteria was to help students recognize different bacteria through different biochemical tests and characteristics. This is important in the medical field because identification of unknown bacteria can help treat a patient by knowing the contributing source of a disease. Also knowledge of different bacteria helped others make antibiotics used today. This lab was completed by using the methods learned thus far in identification of bacteria.

My unknown organism #6 is Morganella morganii, which is a gram-negative bacillus rods commonly found in the environment and also in the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as a normal flora. (3, 5) This bacterium Morganella morganii, was first discovered in the 1906 by a British bacteriologist named H. de R. Morgan. (2) Despite its wide distribution, it is an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection and is most often encountered inpostoperative and other nosocomial settings. (2, 3) Morganella morganii infections respond well to appropriate antibiotic therapy; however, its

This experiment was conducted to find the genus and species of an unknown bacteria prescribed by the lab teacher, which was unknown bacteria GA3 in my case. Identification of unknown bacteria techniques are used on an every day basis to figure out what type of bacteria it is and to find the best method of how to treat a patient with this bacteria (1). All five “I’s” of Microbiology were used in the testing for the unknown culture. Inoculation was used several times to put the unknown culture into agar plates or into biochemical test tubes. After Inoculation of these tubes or plates, they always were placed into the incubator for further growth and development. Isolation was used to make sure we got the correct bacteria we were testing for. After each further isolation, we gram stained the culture and inspected the culture under a microscope to further help in the identification process of the unknown bacteria. Multiple tests were done on the unknown culture to make sure we were confident in what kind of bacteria the unknown was.

To perform this test, a tube of broth rich with glucose is acquired. In this tube is phenol red, a pH indicator. Initially, the tube appeared pink in color, indicating a normal pH level. Next, a sample of unknown #44 is introduced into this medium using the aseptic technique, and this is allowed to sit for several days. If the organism is able to ferment glucose, the pH in the medium would decrease and cause the phenol red to exhibit a yellow color. In addition to the straw color, gas can also be produced and trapped inside the Durham tube placed in the medium. This production of acid and gas is a direct result of the fermentation of glucose, as seen with unknown

Make three exposures using given technical factors on a phantom knee in PA position . Include saline bags in exposures 1 and 2 to demonstrate patient soft tissue thickness.

For the temperature test each bacteria was placed on a nutrient agar and incubated for either 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. During the pH test, each organism was placed on four agars varying in pH level from pH 2, 4, 6 and 8 and incubated near 37 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. For the osmotic pressure test, each organism was placed on four agars one each containing 2%, 5%, 8%, and 11% NaCl concentration levels. These were incubated near 37 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. The results of the tests are recorded in Tables 1, 2, and 3. All tests were performed according to the instructions provided in Leboffe & Pierce(1). The biochemical tests used on both unknowns and the ubiquity are:

The purpose of this experiment was to classify unknown solids based on their type of chemical bonds by investigating their properties. By using data, Unknown 1 was classified as a metallic. This was because it appeared a shiny copper color, had a very high conductivity as a solid, had a high melting point, and was malleable. Unknown 2 was classified as a nonpolar covalent bond. This was because it had no conductivity as a solid and low conductivity in water.

Such bacteria require an enriched environment as compared to bacteria that grow more easily. It is also used to differentiate hemolytic bacteria, particularly Streptococcus species, also making it a differential media in distinguishing the destruction of red blood cells caused by cytolytic toxins secreted by select bacteria. If the bacteria were to have Beta hemolysis, there would be a large area of clearing around the bacteria colony on the BAP. When Alpha hemolysis occurs, there is a blue-green tint on the bottom of the plate, as if it were bruised. With gamma hemolysis, there is actually no hemolysis, therefore no change in the agar would occur. A Hektoen Enteric Agar was used next which is both a selective and differential medium intended to separate and distinguish members of the Salmonella and Shigella species from other Enterobacteria. Bile salts and bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin dyes hinder the growth of most Gram-positive organisms. Lactose, sucrose, and salicin are fermentable carbohydrates in the HE agar that encourage this variation in growth and color. Ferric ammonium citrate that is in the agar allows the observer to see hydrogen sulfide creation by reacting with hydrogen sulfide gas to make a

Under the microscope a rod shape pink cell was shown representing gram negative. This gram stain helps to determine the next test that would take place for further identification of the unknown organisms. The grain stain technique determined that unknown four was gram negative so the catalase test was further used where a small sample of the bacterium was added to a slide and a small drop of hydrogen peroxide was added directly to the unknown bacterium where no bubble formed. Further testing was also administered to unknown four such as citrate, urease, gelatinase and motility. With the citrate test a small sample taken from the agar plate is added to the medium. The urease test a sample was taken from the agar plate and added to the urea slant, and finally the gelatinase use the sterilize loop to take up a sample of the bacterium which was added immediately to the gelatinase medium. In unknown four motility test a sterile needle is stab 2/3 of the way to the bottom of the motility medium.

Overall, the experiments objective was complete because the unknown bacteria was identified through the steps provided. The hypothesis stated that if the bacteria is gram-positive than

Tissue regeneration through cell differentiation from one cell type to another is a phenomenon occurs in some species of fish and amphibians, however, mammals are incapable of reprogramming one cell lineage to achieve a similar result. Specifically, in human and mouse wound healing procedure normally generate scar with high collagen deposition, regenerated skin which lacks some features such as hair follicle and cutaneous fat. A recent study shows that a large skin wound in a mouse model is capable of regenerating hair follicles under the control of the Wnt and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. (1) In this article, Plikus et. al. discovered in the same mouse model; during wound healing process, cutaneous fat can be

The second spectrum had five distinct signals with no signs of symmetry and therefore must be coming from the ortho isomer. For this ortho isomer the calculated and observed peak values were quite different. This could have been due to many factors. These factors include the temperature, concentration, and PH of the sample and also the type of spectrometer used.8 One major difference can be caused by the solvent used for the sample. The observed spectrum was performed using CDCl3 but it was very likely the calculated spectrum was performed using a different solvent such as DMSO. Depending on the structure, bonding behaves differently to each solvent. Another reason that the calculated values may vary from observed values is that the

The metabolic activities of microorganism are frequently used to identify bacteria species. There are four useful reactions that are commonly used to examine several metabolic activities of microorganism which are carbohydrate fermentation test, Voges-Proskauer test, Methyl Red test and Citrate utilization test. The first test involved in this this experiment is the carbohydrate fermentation test. Fermentation is a metabolic process that performed by almost all types of bacteria. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is the ultimate energy source of the organism is produce.

The Indole portion of the test is performed by adding Kovac's reagent to the inoculated SIM medium. The Kovac's reagent reacts with the indole (if indole is present) to produce a pinkish-red or reddish-purple ring around the top of the test tube. If indole isn't present, there will be no color change. The presence of indole indicates that the bacteria produces tryptophanase, an enzyme which breaks down tryptophan into smaller components, one of which being indole.