The Rogerian Approach

Ethos is a way of affecting someone's cultural trust in a certain individual. Brutus uses this when he says “believe in mine honor.” This means that he told the people to listen to him because of his reputation as an honorable man. Antony also uses ethos in his speech when he says "I thrice presented him a kingly crown, which he did thrice refuse.” Saying that Brutus claim of Caesar being ambitious were false because Caesar was humble enough to refuse the crown three times. Both men use ethos to its full ability in their speeches.

Ethos is an appeal to ethics, which gives the author credibility to persuade their attended audience. For instance, both Lukianoff and Haidt give a little insight about who they are, “Greg Lukianoff is a constitutional lawyer and the president and CEO of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, which defends free speech and academic freedom on campus, and has advocated for students and faculty involved in many of the incidents this article describes; Jonathan Haidt is a social psychologist who studies the American culture wars.” (Lukianoff and Haidt). Using this rhetorical strategy to start their argument off was a strong approach to persuading their attended audience because it provides credibility to the readers to prove to them that the authors know what they’re talking about and it makes the argument much more effective. Another example of ethos that the authors provide is, “Today, what we call the Socratic method is a way of teaching that fosters critical thinking, in part by encouraging students to question their own unexamined beliefs, as well as the received wisdom of those around them… But vindictive protectiveness teaches students to think in a very different way… A campus culture devoted to policing speech and punishing speakers is likely to engender patterns of thought that are surprisingly similar to those long identified by cognitive behavioral therapists as causes

The next element in the rhetorical situation is pathos. Pathos is defined as connecting the author and the reader using emotion. Pathos is more reader dependent than the other elements. Pathos helps the writer know to know their audience and who they are intending to write for. Connecting to the audience using pathos is a strong way to get the support of the reader. The audience needs to be moved by what they’re reading. Without pathos, the writer won’t be able to properly connect to their audience.

For example, when looking at the brochure of Winter Park, you could see on the last page of the brochure it states that they deduct $5000 dollars from the assessed valuation of your home under the Florida Homestead Exemption Act. Considering this, logos are crucial to an argument because you are stating the facts, which are not debatable because they represent the truth, and which gives the author more power over the audience. Because the audience is more likely, to believe the authors reasoning, because he gives concrete examples which are historical and personal and which the audience can relate too.

Ethos is basically the authors credibility, the reader must decide if the author of the writing is trustworthy and believable. Pathos is how to author appeals

In Greek Pathos is said to mean suffering or experience which gives the emotional appeal to the reader. With Pathos you can use vivid or emotional language , and sensory details to give imagery and emotionally appeal the reader. Pathos can be used to change the audience opinion to whatever the author wants in the argument. In Fast Food Nation : The Dark Side Of All-American Meal by Eric Schlosser , Pathos is used to improve his argument and persuade the opinions of others.

Anne Fadiman, uses a Rogerian approach as her argumentation style in her book called The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. A Rogerian argumentation style is a conflict-solving technique that works towards finding a common ground. For example, in the beginning of her book, Fadiman states:

Logos is the appeal to logic and reasoning. Logos primarily uses data and statistics in order to persuade an audience. However, logos can also utilize the “if A then B” statements to come to logical conclusions using an assumed common sense for your “A” statement The appeal to logic is highly used in scientific studies because every conclusion is based on results and numbers obtained from experiments.

Pathos is a rhetorical appeal in which the writer tries to gain the readers attention by using emotions. The writer will give examples or information that will make the readers feel a certain emotion. For example, when you see the commercial of the ASPCA many people feel the need to donate because they see the suffering animals. It's a great way to get readers to agree with what you are saying because emotion gets the best of most people. I tried using this appeal in almost all my essays in order to get the readers to agree with me.

Quindlen uses logos in her speech to give it structure and to help the audience understand her points. Logos is a statement, sentence or argument used to convince or persuade the audience by using logic or reason. In the introduction, the author explains how throughout her whole college career, she strived to be perfect, but it soon turned into a burden. In the body, the author focuses on

Rhetoric’s are used in every occurence of our lives whether we are aware of them or not. From the way we greet new ideas and thoughts, to the way we function with already existing notions, regardless, rhetorics have incorporated into our daily life from the first few months of our lives. The dictionary recognizes rhetorical to mean ‘the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.’ What’s the main concept to explore of rhetorics, are the main uses and techniques that are commonly used.

Rhetoric can push users farther than the normal argument, and past the habits of the natural human mind. When one comes to understand the theory of words, argument and how opposition thinks, then can the situation fully be revolved for their favor and their future. Rhetoric is a valuable skill that should be taught in schools in order to assist in high school environments, and help prepare for a future in the workplace.

Rhetoric refers to the actual features of a written or spoken text. (Rhetoric: language is not accidental) The Rhetorical Triangle three basic keys: 1) Understanding persona 2) Understanding appeals to audience 3) Understanding subject. In persona writer’s use voice to affect reader’s understanding and beliefs. Rhetor makes three appeals to audience: 1) Logos 2) Ethos 3) Pathos and subject consider what to include and why to include it. Capitalize on what the audience knows and make them curious. While the basic rhetorical triangle sets out the three initial keys to developing skill with rhetoric, the triangle needs to be modified so that it reflects three vital facts. 1) Context: Time, place, people, events, that influence a work. 2) Intention:

Ethos means ethical and that is the sense people get that the speaker is being fair and competent. When giving a speech the speaker must tell the audience why they are credible on their topic and why they know so much about the topic. This allows the audience to trust that the speaker knows what they are talking about and that they have credible information.

Pathos, a very influential tool used by writers to control the emotional response of their audience. It is usually used to arouse an audience, while one is trying to capture the attention of the focused crowd and taking control of their reaction and transform it into some sort of persuasion or motivation. The amount of impact from the emotional response heavily depends on the way writer uses to connect and to relate to every individual on a personal level.