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The Impact of World War I on Canadian Economic Development

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Introduction

World War I has had traumatic effects on the countries that participated in it in terms of

many aspects such as the tremendous amount of debt and war costs that they had to

encounter at the end of the war. Such effects were usually long-term in nature and were

most strongly reflected in the form of changing political, economic and social structures,

and public opinion across those participant nations or even other parts of the world for

decades even after the official end of World War I.1

At the end of the War, changes in political structures were evident in many countries,

especially those in Western Europe, as they began to adopt more liberal forms of

government. In addition, the optimistic outlook and …show more content…

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notable cases include a higher concentration of industries in the central provinces which

include Ontario and Quebec, changes in Canada’s pattern of trade and investment with

foreign countries, changes in Canada’s monetary policies, and changes in the role of the

Canadian government.

I. Preceding Years of the War

During the preceding years of WWI, Canada had little doubt about the power and

importance of its own Empire, Great Britain, home to the world’s greatest industrial

power and highest concentration of capital before WWI.7 Thus, as a young country

dependent on the political and economic relations with Britain, its economic growth was

closely correlated to the economic well-being of its Empire. “As a result, Canada

possessed an optimistic outlook on its economic development that came not only from its

own growth but from its participation as a member of the Empire of nations of the

world’s greatest industrial power.”8

A sharp recession took place in the nation in early 1913 that marked the end of a cycle

that Canada was closely linked to which was the long cycle of international prosperity

that had begun in the late 1890s. Economists at the time argued that this recession was

due to a tightening of credit on the London money market.9 “As a result, money became

more expensive to borrow, and speculative capital – including

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