The Ethical Considerations Of Children And Young People

Children are given rights through the Convention of the Rights of the Child. In these rights, are rights that only children have. There are over 42 rights assigned to children alone. Among these rights are topics such as survival and development, drug use, free expression, the child’s best interest, and violence. This essay discusses two books, which examine these rights and the ways they are influenced.

When reviewing this week’s lecture and readings, I was met with a wealth of information, specifically, that informed consent, isn’t a one-time kind of thing, that in reality, it’s a process, one which is always in flux. With that being said, although the “International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects” is glaringly tedious, there were still some guidelines I took issue with. For example, Guideline 5 “Justification of the involvement of children” as Lyons herself states, this amorphous notion that children are deemed qualifiable for research if they are ‘reasonable’, What does that even mean? What constitutes a child as reasonable enough to understand the burden, risks and benefits of a clinical trial? Nevertheless, I understand that children, first and foremost, demand our protection because they are an extremely vulnerable population, but also necessitate scientific research in their own right. It is a nice sentiment, that adults should undergo clinical research in lieu of a child, but as stated in Santoro – “Extrapolations from adult studies and experiences are not always appropriate given

Historically, children have been regarded as a vulnerable population because of their decreased autonomy and reduced competence to provide informed consent as compared to adults (Schwenzer, 2008). Given their acknowledged vulnerability, those who research children often encounter difficulties while conducting their research, as full IRB review is required for most studies with children, despite the risk for harm (Fisher et al., 2013). Studies that would be exempt from IRB review with adult participants, including education tests, survey or interview procedures, or observations of public behavior, require IRB review with child participants (45 CFR 46.101). However, some researchers advocate that when appropriate considerations are in

This essay will discuss the impact of social, as well as political views that have shaped contemporary services for children. Legislations such as the Education Act of 1944, the ‘Every Child Matters’ Act introduced by labour in 2003, and also the ‘children’s act’ from 1989 are examples of services put in place to help protect and provide care for all children. In this essay there will also be talks about The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) introduced in 2007, while also linking my points back to the pioneers whose work has contributed majorly to the influences of the modern day understanding of childhood.

The experimental method in researching child development has been greatly used by researchers. It has several advantages and disadvantages. One advantage is that it helps to prove a hypothesis through the collection of data on independent or dependent variables in a closed or open environment. Experiments help to create the ideal environment for the researcher to study the phenomenon. However, it suffers the disadvantage of limiting the behavior that can be studied since the test is not conducted in the natural environment. The laboratory experiment helps researchers to control and manipulate variables as they wish and to measure the effect with ease. It also allows them to facilitate replication through reproducing identical conditions to the desirable ones for the experiment. However, the results may not be applicable to the natural environment as a result of the researcher controlling the environment too much. Experiments in general also help researchers to collect data on changes that occur over time. However, especially for longitudinal studies, the researcher may need to collect huge amounts of data which requires a lot of time. This also increases the expense of the research.

According to SRCD (2007) Principle three focuses on Parental Consent which is obtain consent from parents or assent from the child stating that they want to be involved in the research. It should be

The death of a child is a devastating event to all those involved, families distraught by their grief and

This scenario involves an ethical dilemma surrounding my partner and what happened to cause him to draw his weapon and fire on a juvenile suspect. Ethically I should tell officer Thomas from internal affairs the truth and nothing but the truth so help me god. I’m a law enforcement officer and therefore held to a higher standard than others and one requirement is that I serve justice under the legitimacy of the law. I need to tell the truth about my partner firing on a fleeing juvenile who didn't have a weapon or appear to draw a weapon. If my partner wants me to lie about his misconduct and “murder” then he should not be a law enforcement officer because he has honesty and integrity problems. It is unethical for my partner to put me in that

Brighouse (2003) presented the difference between consultative versus authoritative voices in reference to how children's views should be accepted in decisions over their welfare. Due to their dependency on authority figures, vulnerability, and the capability to become independent, views held by children should only be taken into account to be heard but not as the deciding factor of their well-being (Brighouse, 2003). However, the UN Convention of Rights of a Child allows for leniency of a child's authority over decisions that impact their well-being. It is worded so that a child who can properly communicate their views will, at minimum, be considered in the decision making process. Although, if all requirements are met by the child to provide a logical argument, precisely communicate their views, and fully comprehend the impacts of their choices then it can be deduced that little difference exists between a child deciding their fate versus an adult. If society values the rights of all citizens including children and believes that those who comprehend events stemming from their decisions should choose, then they should be allowed to carry out those decisions regardless of

Despite having grades and an SAT score that doesn’t scream excellence, I know I am unlike the average U.C. Berkeley applicant. I have an unwavering work ethic and I strive to be great at every endeavor I take on. In high school, I played three sports and played a total of 11 years on varsity. I was the president of 2 clubs at my school and was my class’s vice president for 2 years. My highschool life revolved around excellence due to my work ethic.

In order to overcome any ethical dilemmas, children younger than age 7 who are not considered mature enough to assent to research participation will be excluded. According to Grove, Burns and Gray (2013) by the age of 7, a child is considered to be developmentally able to have concrete operations of thought and have the ability to assent to participation (Grove, Burns, & Gray, 2013). The study’s sample will be changed to 7-17 years of age. Using children as research subjects is said to be influenced by the therapeutic nature of risk verses the benefits. Since the benefits of this study outweighs the risks by providing information relevant to improving clinical outcomes, it would be considered ethical to utilize a control group

For example, the strange situation experiment was classed as unethical due to distress children experience when separated from their mothers (Ainsworth et al, 1970). This experiment does not seem capable of producing any psychological or physical harm, which makes it easier to replicate the study. The Medical Research Council advises that children should only be used in research if adults cannot provide the same knowledge, and that the research results will be beneficial to children (Medical Research Council, 1991). This research was conducted to solely learn about categorisation with labels in the early years of life; therefore it would have been senseless to not use children. This makes the study ethically appropriate. However, the researchers did not clarify whether there was informed consent from the children’s parents/guardians, which is a drawback. In order to improve their study, they should give out informed consent forms to the parents in order to not be criticised over their

In light of the remit of research and the large sample size, consideration has to be given to the diversity and difference of children and young people (Tisdall, Davis & Gallagher, 2008) when critically discussing and concluding to the extent to which children are recognised as active participants in social life. Despite this, no matter the demographic situation of a child, whatever the place of children is thought to be in industrialised societies, it is not usually regarded ‘at work’, as children are supposed to do is play and learn, which is not necessarily recognised as working (James, Jenks & Prout, 1998). This idea leads to the theme of invisible work versus visible work, and eventually to the divide between the Global North

A rights-based approach to research is a study that upholds children and young people’s human rights as decreed clearly within the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). These are made up of 54 articles which cover all aspects of children’s lives. These rights are often cited as the three P’s- provision, protection and participation (Kellet, 2014, p.24). The UN has made it clear, children’s rights are awarded to all children and young people under 18 years old, even very young children which Lundy, McEvoy and Byrne describe as children being the ‘holders of all rights enshrined in the UNCRC’ (2011, p.715). This essay will examine examples of rights-based research, with reference to its conception, influence, methods,

All children need to feel secure and safe (DHSSPSNI, 2011). As a society and as professionals, we have a duty to protect children from harm. As outlined in the following text, I agree with the statement that ‘there is good research evidence to support the assertion that the child protection system keeps vulnerable children safe’ (DHSSPSNI, 2013). This has been critically analysed with reference to legal and policy context, evidence based research and social work literature, reflection on challenges in practice and findings of child abuse enquiries.