Abstract
The goal of this experiment is to determine the blood types of the samples given and to learn what interactions occurred to each blood type. Determining an individual’s blood type and how it reacts with Anti A, Anti-B, and Anti Rh serums played a crucial part in this experiment. The researcher concluded that agglutination (clumping) occurred in some of the blood samples. For example, Mr. Smith’s blood reacted with Anti-A and Anti-Rh serums (antibodies) allowing the researcher to determine the blood type is A. Mr. Jones’s blood reacted with Anti-B serum but it did not react to Anti-A or Anti Rh allowing the researcher to believe that the blood type is B. Mr. Green’s blood reacted with all serums and caused a reaction to occur resulting the blood type to be AB positive. Mr. Green’s blood also had a positive marker for Rh factor. However, Ms. Brown’s blood had no reaction at all and the researcher determined if no reaction occurred then the sample had no antigens but proved to have some antibodies, resulting in blood type to be O. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whose blood has type A, B, AB, or O.
3. Introduction
The general charactertics of blood are color, composition, and pH. The composition of blood is determined by collecting blood from a person then it’s placed in a centrifuge which shows plasma is 55% of whole blood and 45 % is erythrocytes. Another name for red blood cells is erythrocytes which are small sacs of blood that carry oxygen and
b. The blood type (e.g., Type A, B, AB, O) of a group of participants (Mode)
Blood is a bodily fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells within the body. Blood has plasma that lets the different types of blood travel round the body. Plasma contains proteins that have different functions for the blood- clotting, transporting and defence organisms and osmotic organisations. The plasma carries the red blood cell which has a elastic membrane so it can fit through the small capillaries within the body. Red blood cells can be also known as erythrocytes they don’t have a nucleus when they are matured which gives a bigger space for oxygen, although as there is no nuclei the red blood cells can’t divide so they only live for around 120 days. Red blood cells gain their colour from haemoglobin, oxygenated blood which is known as arterial blood which flows through the arteries coming from the heart and
There may be many different substances in the person's blood. Different blood cells tell you different things. Red
10. What are the components of blood? The components of plasma? Know the normal values for blood osmolality, blood pH, and hematocrit (both male and female).
The blood contains the oxygen, platelets, nutrients, red and white blood cells, hormones which are all important materials for metabolism.
For this experiment student will identify the individual blood types through the antigen and antibody reaction by using the anti- A, Anti- B and Anti- Rh serums we will be able to identify the different types of blood. Red blood cells also known as erythrocyte are small cells shaped like an oval however they have a plasma membrane but no nucleus. Hemoglobin is the protein that allows the red blood cells to bind easily with oxygen. While hematopoiesis is known as blood cell formation. The independent variable would be the Red blood cells. While the dependent variable would be the Antibodies and the antigens
Blood is made up of straw coloured plasma, the matrix, in which various types of blood are carried. Plasma is mainly water where substances are carried such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, salts, enzymes and hormones. Also there is a combination of important proteins which help with blood clotting, transport,
Blood, or whole blood, consists of about 55% plasma and 45% formed elements; which include platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells or erythrocytes (Martini et al., 2015). Plasma consists of 90% water and serves to transport minerals throughout the blood, especially clotting platelets to the site of an injury in order to prevent loss of blood (Martini et al., 2015).
Mare Barrow, born in a village called the Stilts, was raised a survivor. Mare and her family never had it easy. They had little electricity or food or anything for that matter. Her three older brothers were conscripted to war, leaving Mare and her little sister Gisa, to provide for their sickly parents. Mare steals what she can, providing small provisions for her struggling family. You may wonder:’Why is she is so impoverished?’. There is only one word needed to answer that question and that is Red. Mare’s blood is red, along with the rest of her family and the entire village.
Microscopic hematuria…Urine contains a very small amount of blood, which is not visible to the naked eye.
Blood works in the body in many ways. All of the blood in the human body comes from your circulatory-system. The job of the circulatory system is to pump blood to all parts of the body. There are two types of blood cells in the body. White blood cells and red blood cells. A person has millions of red blood cells, and these cells contains a chemical called hemoglobin, it is the part of your body that contains iron, carries oxygen throughout the body, and gives blood its red color . There is not as many white blood cells as red in the body, but they protect the body from germs that make us sick.(Storad, Conrad J.)
Blood grouping involves the use of ABO system as described by Karl Landsteiner. The grouping came into existence in the year 1900 after discovery by Nobel Prize winner Karl Landsteiner. He first discovered three blood types A, B, and O, but after two years he discovered the fourth blood group AB. This discovery led to four major types of blood that includes A, AB, B and O. The grouping depends on the presence of two chief antigens and antibodies. The two antigens responsible for blood grouping include A and B while the antibodies include anti-A and anti-B. The combination of the two antigens and antibodies thus determines the blood types. The blood type A has antigen A and antibody anti-B. The blood group B express Antigen B and antibody anti-A (Reid and Lomas, 2004). Blood group O express no antigen but possess antibodies
In this experiment, our objectives consisted of performing tests in order to identify blood types; learning about the function and shapes of different blood components; and understanding the importance of blood typing and its uses. In the world of medicine, knowing about blood typing and, more importantly, having the ability to type blood is an indispensable tool. Medical procedures ranging from blood transfusions to organ transplants to obstetrical interventions require a solid understanding of blood typing. Being able to understand the ABO and Rh blood types is a fundamental building block to learning about the complexity of blood chemistry and the wonders it unravels.
Blood is “a complex, living tissue that contains many cell types and proteins” (green). The average adult body is comprised of more than five liters of blood (purple). Blood basically consists of four components, each with a specific function. Almost half of the blood volume is red blood cells, which transport oxygen and other nutrients to the organs and tissues, as well as remove carbon dioxide and other wastes. White blood cells, which are used to fight infections, and platelets, which form blood clots to prevent blood loss only make up about 1% of the total blood volume. The rest of the blood, about 55%, is plasma, the fluid that carries the blood cells, along
Blood chemistry or blood test is identifying the different levels of chemical ingredients found in the blood. The analysis of these substances provides clues to a patient’s condition and the functioning of the major body systems such as, blood sugar levels, liver functions, essential nutrients etc. This helps doctors in diagnosing the patient’s conditions much easier and quicker.