Stephanie Louis Kwolek was born on July 31, 1923, in New Kensington, Pennsylvania. She died on June 18, 2014, in Wilmington, Delaware at the age of ninety. Her father had a great interest in science, and when he died when she was ten, she took up her father’s interest in natural science. She also had her mother’s love of fabrics and sewing. Kwolek had strong interests in teaching, chemistry, and medicine. Even though she had had her eye on medical school, she graduated from Margaret Morrison Carnegie College--the women’s college for Carnegie Mellon University--with a degree in chemistry when she was twenty three. After she graduated, she quickly got a job as a chemist at DuPont Chemicals in Buffalo, New York. She loved doing her research at DuPont, so she decided to give up her dreams for medical school and work in the field of chemistry. She moved to Wilmington, Delaware, four years later, where she continued work for DuPont, and remained working for them for the rest of her career.
Kwolek’s main major scientific breakthrough was her discovery of Kevlar, which she discovered after nine years of research. She had originally been doing lab work trying to find a new plastic material to be used in car tires. If she found a light plastic like this, they could make lighter tires
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The two molecules on the left are the chemicals that reacted to make Kevlar, which is the molecule on the right. Kevlar can be grown to different lengths so when people manufacture it, it can be fine tuned to a specific standard depending on what the intended use is for. This makes it so there are many different Kevlar grades that you can purchase and use. The chemicals used to make Kevlar are polyparaphenylene terephthalamide and terephthaloyl chloride. After this reaction is finished, the polymer that is produced is spun into strong, thick fibers. This polymer is extremely strongly bonded, and each strand is bound together by hydrogen
Marie Maynard Daly was an African-American biochemist, and the first woman of her race to receive her doctorate in chemistry in the United States (“Marie Maynard Daly”). Marie's father enrolled at Cornell University to study chemistry in his youth, but was unable to due to financial constraints, and was a postal clerk throughout her youth (“Marie M. Daly”). Inspired by her father to accomplish her own academic goals, she attained her doctorate in only three years at Columbia University, an impressive feat,
Although Dr. Cherice Evans became a respectable Chemist she faced a few obstacles. For instance, Cherice worked with the same research mentor from undergraduate school to graduate school, which hindered her ability to network with others. Her lack of networking, made it difficult for her to find a job, thus she decided to obtain a Ph.D. which would qualify her to teach at the college level. Not only would she have a job but also be able to have time to continue her research. By teaching at a university, Cherice is able to research freely due to the accessible funding available. Hence why she took the opportunity to teach at Queens College. Dr. Evans enjoys
Marie Maynard Daly was born on april 16, 1921,she the first black african american women to earn a PHD in chemistry, her work LED to a new understanding of how diet affects the health of the circulatory system. She discovered the impact of cigarette smoking on the lungs.In 1988 she established for african american chemistry and physics major at queens college in memory of her father. She completed her masters in
It was not until a few years before her death she started growing up a bit, finding interests and hobbies. She really got into natural stuff and homeopathic medicine and was excited to be an expert in something. She wanted to help people. It was exciting for her. It was nice to see her becoming the person she wanted to be. But, she never got the chance to finish the metamorphosis.”
My mother, Lisa Dawn Hicks Kern, was born at Wadley Regional Medical Center, Texarkana, TX, on Sunday, June 15, 1969. Her father, James Kenneth Hicks, was 28 at the time of my mother’s birth; he was employed at Red River Army Depot as an electrical engineer. Her mother, Sharon Lee Clark Hicks, was 25 when my mother was born, at the time she was the home maker. My mother had an older sister who was a four year old toddler at the time of my mother’s birth. Kimberly Ann Hicks was born at Wadley Regional Medical Center, Texarkana, TX, on Monday, August 30, 1965.
She graduated from high school after only two years. She then went to Hunter College, where she earned her bachelor’s degree in 1964. Afterwards, Bath attended Howard University to get her medical degree. She graduated with honors in 1968, and soon afterwards accepted an internship at Harlem Hospital. The next year, she
Annie Easley was an African American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist born April 23, 1933 in Birmingham Alabama to Samuel Easley and Mary Hoover. Not having any full recognition of her father Ms. Easley was raised by her mother and was taught early on that education was everything. She attended Holy Family High School and was valedictorian of her class. Easley intended to become a nurse thinking it was the only career open for African American women. She then attended Xavier University in New Orleans, Louisiana, and African American Catholic University where she majored in pharmacy. In the early 1950’s Easley married and moved to Cleveland and attended Cleveland State University where their pharmacy program had ended.
One way that Henrietta’s experience with the medical system would have been different is that if she had attained a minimum of a bachelor’s degree. The highest level of education attained by Henrietta was a “sixth grade” education, which did not emphasize science, thus the science terminology used when she was being attended at Johns Hopkins was like “a foreign country where she didn’t speak the
Marie Maynard Daly was an american biochemist. She was the first black american in america to have ph.D in chemistry. She use to go to Columbia University in 1947. She was born in 1921 and died in 2003.Daly worked as a physical science instructor at Howard University from 1947 to 1948 while simultaneously conducting research under the direction of Herman Branson. After being awarded an American Cancer Society grant to support her postdoctoral research, she joined Dr. A. E. Mirsky at the Rockefeller Institute, where they studied the cell nucleus. While at the Rockefeller Institute, Daly studied the nuclei of tissues to determine the base compositions of the deoxypentose nucleic acids present. Additionally she explored the role of cytoplasmic
This was very saddening to Cohn, who said that “the luckiest thing I ever did was marry a man who really believed that I should have a career…he didn’t just pay lip service to that; he really meant it.” She retired and closed down her laboratory in 1985, but kept an open office at the university where she would sometimes visit to mentor graduate students and post doctorate students right up to a few months before her death. For her 90th birthday, Cohn requested for her children to approve of yet another unthinkable dream, hangliding. After a twenty minute flight all she could say was that “she wished it had lasted much longer.” Cohn was inducted into the Women’s Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, NY, one day before she passed away. When she saw “ that Hilary Clinton and Oprah Winfrey were also members, she decided that this could be a good place for her.” She left behind a legacy of learning and inspiring a plethora of young women to follow in her
Ki Wakatsuki, who is Jeanne’s father was born in a family that had for centuries been
Bath worked tirelessly for many years to become as educated as possible, and she succeeded. She was one of very few students in attendance at a National Science Foundation sponsored cancer research workshop at the young age of only 16. Dr. Robert Bernard, the head of the program, thought her work was so remarkable that he incorporated her discoveries in a scientific report at a conference. Bath managed to graduate high school in only two years, and earned her bachelor’s degree from Hunter College in 1964. In
Both bulletproof glass and bulletproof clothing are made from synthetic materials. Kevlar is basically a super strong plastic. The process is very complicated. Kevlar is a distant cousin to nylon. There is Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 49. Both are stronger than steel, but pliable, breathable and can be manipulated into the shape needed to make clothing
Dr.Inge Lehmann was born on May 13,1888 in Copenhagen,Denmark to well rounded parents.Both her parents were from prominent families;Her father Alfred Lehmann was well educated and well respected he worked as Psychology Professor. Inge’s mother Ida Sophie Torsleff was a housewife she took care of Inge’s younger sister,Harriet Lehmann. Inge’s paternal grandfather laid the first telegraph cables in Denmark in 1854 her maternal grandfather was the Governor of The National Bank of Denmark.Inge was shy and very introvert she had a very happy and relaxed childhood.Inge was married to her work and her theories were her children, she never got married or had any children as a result all assets were left to The University of Copenhagen when she died on February 21,1993 at the age of 104. Inge had the longest life of any female scientist.
3Kevlar is formed in two main stages. The first stage is to produce the basic plastic, which is the base of Kevlar. This chemical is called poly-para-phenylene tereplthalamide. The plastic is then taken and strengthened. Kevlar is a pomaded, which means it is a polymer created by repeating amides over and over again. An amide is a chemical compound where part of an organic acid replaces one of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia. Creating a polyamide is known as a condensation reaction as two substances fuse together. Kevlar naturally has a chemical structure that means it forms tiny straight rods that are packed closely together. These rods also create hydrogen bonds between one another, these bonds give the structure extra strength. This bonded rod structure is the main reason Kevlar is as strong as it is. To create the material that is Kevlar these strong strands are woven together to create a tough mat. This will be then used in its many products.