Spinacia Oleracea Lab Report

Measuring the Rate Oxygen Production using an Oxygen Electrode Chamber in Photosynthesis of Spinacia oleracea with Varying Light Intensities

The purpose of this lab was to see which level of light (measured in lux) made Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) leaf disks float the fastest. Our hypothesis was that an increase in light intensity will decrease the time it takes Spinacia oleracea disks to float. If light intensity is increased, then the time it takes Spinacia oleracea disks to float will be decreased. The mean for the no light (0 Lux) sample and the low light (4 x100 Lux) sample was 1200 seconds with no standard deviation because none of the disks in these two samples floated. The mean and standard deviation for the medium light (110 x100 Lux) was 902 seconds +- 84 seconds. The mean of the high light sample (410 x 100 Lux) was 692 seconds with no standard deviation because only two Spinacia oleracea disks floated so there was no need to measure the variability of the data. The final results indicated that the highest light intensity led to the quickest rise of Spinacia oleracea disks, supporting our hypothesis.

There are many procedures during this lab and many materials needed for an accurate analysis of data. First, fill a 100 mL graduated cylinder with 50 mL of water. Add 25 germinating peas and determine the amount of water that is displaced. Record this volume of the 25 germinating peas, then remove the peas and put those peas on a paper towel. They will be used for the first respirometer. Next, refill the graduated cylinder with 50 mL of water and add 25 non-germinating peas to it. Add glass beads to the graduated cylinder until the volume is the same to that of germinating peas. Remove the beads and peas and put on a paper towel. They will be used in respirometer 2. Now, the graduated cylinder was filled once again, determine how many glass beads will be require to reach the same volume of the germinating peas. Remove the beads and they will be used in respirometer 3. Then repeat the procedures used above to prepare a second set of germinating peas, dry peas and beads, and beads to be used in respirometers 4,5,and 6, the only difference is the temperature of the water.

Evidence that cellular respiration occurred in the leaves was provided. When the spinach was not given light, the amount of

Aims: To evaluate the residual antimicrobial effects and surface alterations of gutta percha disinfected with four different solutions.

30 g of spinach leaf tissues were put into 50 ml of 0.5M sucrose buffer. The tissues are smashed and then strained with cheesecloth into the centrifuge tube. The product is centrifuge at low speed (200x g) to pellet large cell debris, and the supernatants are saved. The supernatants are centrifuge at high speed (1000x g) to pellet-out the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are suspended in a 10% propylene glycol solution. The chloroplasts are placed in a boiling water bath for about 5 minutes. Seven labeled 14 ml tubes (1, 2R, 2W, 2G, 2B, 3, 4) containing 6.5 ml of 0.5M NaCl asay buffer. In tube #1 430 uls of boiled chloroplasts suspension was added and to the rest tubes 430 uls of un-boiled chloroplasts. Tube #3 was cover with foil, and tube #4 was

The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect that inhibitors, light intensity, and wavelength have on the rate of the Hill Reaction. This was completed by the use of isolated chloroplasts retrieved from spinach leaves using a modification of a standard fractionation procedure, the substances were then then placed under a light source to be tested for the effects of different inhibitors, varying distance away from a light source, and different colored light filters. Overall, it was shown that no light source at all and the presence of inhibitors had a more negative effect on the reaction and that as distance from the light source increased, the rate decreased. In the wavelength reaction, the reaction reacted less in the presence of a green or yellow light than the red or blue filters. These findings seem to match what was expected based on the knowledge of how photosynthesis and the Light and Dark Reactions.

Our hypothesis was rejected because the plant in the cold temperature of 0°Celsius, had the greatest amount of oxygen produced from the starting point of 24% with a 1.60% increase. The room temperature of 23.33°Celsius was a close second with a 0.70% increase from the initial amount of 24%. The hot temperature of 40°Celsius was the lowest with a decrease of -2% from the starting amount of 24%. We noticed that the amount of oxygen produced increased as the temperature decreased. Though we believe if the temperature was lower than 0°Celsius then our results would be different, and the plant wouldn’t produce as much oxygen. The rate of photosynthesis depends on: light intensity, temperature, and the availability of carbon dioxide, and water. When

Fill the container with a good-quality potting mix or garden soil mixed with compost or decomposed manure, because spinach requires a nutrient rich soil. Be sure your container has drainage holes in the bottom, and place the container on a water-catchment tray.

Goal: The first goal of today’s laboratory is to separate components of spinach dyes using different eluants. The four eluants will be using are ethanol, chloroform, 9:1 petroleum ether : ethanol, and petroleum ether. The second goal of the lab is to separate fluorine and fluorenone by column chromatography. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to measure the polarity and separate the components in the mixtures. TLC was chosen because of its simplicity, high sensitivity, and speedy separation. For each part of the lab, we measured the retention factor on the TLC plate. To measure the retention factor, we used the formula:

In this lab, an Elodea specimen is submerged in water under a lamp with a filter that can change the color of the light. We will measure Elodea's rate of photosynthesis by measuring the amount of oxygen it produces. We will investigate the effects of light color and light intensity on Elodea's rate of oxygen production.

Purpose: To determine the rate of photosynthesis after CO2 has been removed from disks of spinach then placing the disks in a beaker containing bicarbonate, soap, and water

One difference was the thickness of the leaf disks used during the trials. We found that it was challenging to find baby spinach leaves that were all similar in thickness, and believe that the thickness may have caused a change in the rate of photosynthesis, and therefore a change in the rate of flotation. This may occur because in thinner leaves the light can more easily reach the thylakoid to hit there chloroplasts, where the light may have more trouble reaching the chloroplasts in the thicker disks. Another challenge we faced occurred when pulling back the stopper on the syringe in order to remove the air from disks; depending on the person pulling the stopper, it was pulled back differently each time. This may cause more or less air to be removed from the disks, therefore affecting the time it would later take the disks to float. A third difference among the trials that may have reduced the validity of our results is the angle of light entering the cups with the solution and leaf disks. Due to time constraints, we tested 3 cups at a time under a small lamp. Because of the size of the lamp, one cup would receive full light from the top, but the other two cups received light from difference varied angles. This variation may also have been a cause to make the data less valid as well. I am not entirely confident with our results because of these differences between trials which combined overall may have caused a large amount of variation from the uniform trials we had aimed

The lab consisted of testing photosynthesis in leaves from different conditions. All of the conditions include: xtreme light, dark, heat, and cold. The personal condition tested by my group, was darkness. The experiment was tested by two sets of 30 leaves in the exact same solutions of 0.2% NaHCO₃ and dish detergent. The process of making the solution and preparing the experiment required: mixing 300 mL of 0.2% NaHCO₃ with two drops of dish detergent, placing the solution into a syringe containing 35 leaf discs. The finishing touches required creating pressure within the syringe to ready the leaf discs. 30 of the discs were separated, equally, into three different dishes. It was most commonly thought, that the leaf fragments would have greater

After the agar plate is set up it should look like Figure 3 below. This is an example of the Tan and Wild Type set up. The Gray and Wild type set up will look the same.