Southeast Asia Chapter 6 Summary

An ethnic group is a group of people who share a common culture. Groups can have a shared history, common ancestry, religion, language, traditions, and beliefs. These things make up a common culture that is shared by members of an ethnic group.

1) Nationalism, socialism, and religion have all played a major role in anti-colonial struggles and post-colonial constructions in India and Southeast Asia. Which of these three ideologies do you think was most effective for colonized peoples and why?

As early as the 1500s, Asia was making a start towards religion. Many Missionaries, like the Jesuits, introduced various parts of Asia to the Christian faith. Towards the end of 1500, Jesuits were teaching in sixteen villages throughout India. These missionaries coming to serve mostly had good effects to the country and a few bad effects too.

Parallel to the happenings of Night, victims of the Cambodian genocide also had to work for long hours, regardless of the weather and the condition they were in. “Sometimes, when I refused to work, they would torture me by wipping me and making me worked over time without rest of drink. I work like an animal during a hot sunny day which the temperature sometimes reached up to 120 degrees” (Shawn). Here, Shawn writes about the conditions he was forced to work under. He describes them as being cruelly hot and long. He also mentions that when he refused, he would be beaten. In both Night and the Cambodian genocide, victims were forced to work under harsh conditions and were beaten if they refused. To the leaders of the Cambodian genocide, it did

This essay analyses the Australian-China bilateral relationship since 1945 and in particular its political significance to Australia. Many global factors have influenced this relationship, including the advent of the Cold War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the collapse of the Soviet bloc European nations. In addition, internal political changes in Australia and China have both affected and been affected by the global changes. It will be analysed that Australia’s bilateral relationship with China has always had a sharp political edge but that approaching the new millenium economics and trade considerations are shaping Australias and for that matter Chinese politics.

I believe chapter 3 “The book as common prayer” speaks volumes to where we have been as the church as well as where we are going as believers; as opposed to Chapter 4.

The spread of religion first began through contact with neighbouring countries which gradually expand throughout the years. Buddhism and Islam are one of the most widespread religions across Southeast Asian countries like Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Trade merchants and imperial support of the religion were major factors in the facilitation and localization of the spread of Buddhism and Islam within Southeast Asia. However, there were also limitations presented which hindered the development of each religion in within their countries as introduction of newer religions and changes to political and imperial power would have affected the progression to become fully localised pre-1800s.

Singapore soon became a major stopping point for traffic going to or from China” (world history book). Other kingdoms continued to evolve in Southeast Asia such as the kingdom of Burma, Thailand, and the Philippines. The Philippines has more than seven thousand islands that contain a wide diversity of landscape. Singapore was a developed city-state. “Malaysia was a prosperous nation on the southern part of the Malay Peninsula on the mainland of Southeast Asia” (Marshall Cavendish 1156).

B. Heian Period: A period where Buddhist monks became increasingly bold and powerful that a clever prelate almost married the empress. After this ordeal, the emperor fled to Heian, a new capital city and forbade any monasteries to be built in the city (Though the monasteries found a way around it). The Taika reforms were later abandoned and the aristocratic families were reinstated. Time when Chinese influence was reduced

The US has put their presence in Southeast Asia and it has resulted in dire consequences. Southeast Asia has terrorist groups known as Al Qaeda and evil leaders such as Saddam Hussein. America thinks that their presence is needed in Southeast Asia to help deal with relations like this and others to come. But, the US should not have a presence in Southeast Asia. The US should not have a presence in Southeast Asia because, our military has and will cause further damage to the ecosystem, we tend to reason with force and result easily to conflict when dealing with situations like this, and we ask if others what we wouldn't do.

Multiple changes took place in Southeast Asia as a result of the colonial control. Especially mixed results. One change that occurred was that economics grew vigorously. This happened because it was based on cash crops or goods that would eventually be sold on the world wide market. When before it was not being sold throughout the world. It was probably either sold within the French, who had been active in Southeast Asia since the 17th century.

The trial against the two surviving leaders of the Khmer Rouge charged in Case 002 is about to deal with the ‘regulation of marriage’. This is the name given by the ECCC to the Khmer Rouge-instigated marriages also known as ‘red weddings’ or ‘forced marriage’. In this symbolically laden case, the charges relating to the marriages stand as the only alleged crime of sexual and gender-based violence after no charges were brought for the many rapes committed in security centres and work cooperatives. As such, the charges have been described as ‘the Court’s best last chance to contribute to the ever-evolving body of law aimed at better responding to perpetually neglected sexual and other gender-based crimes in times of conflict and atrocity’.

Scholars such as John K. Fairback and David Kang have argued that the theory of the tribute system can explain most of pre-modern East Asian history. However, there was an interesting period of pre-modern East Asian history that cannot be fully explained by the tribute system. This was the Imjin War of 1592-1598, also known as the greatest international conflict in pre-modern East Asia. If pre-modern East Asian countries were tributaries under the hegemon that is China, they would not rebel against their hegemon. As Japan rebelled by attempting to conquer China through Korea, the tribute system cannot explain the Imjin War.

United States Policy toward Southeast Asia In 1943, Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a trusteeship principle, in which the subjugated nations of Asia would prepare themselves for self-government, under the supervision of the imperial nations. FDR had ‘genuine humanitarian principles’[1] and was aware of the conditions under which colonial people sometimes lived. He also realised that the colonial system was detrimental to US interests.

The Kathoey are androphilic, frequently effeminate and transgendered males. They are perceived as neither men nor as women by the members of their communities. Rather, they are viewed as occupying an unmistakable ‘third’ gender classification (Vasey, 2008). (something about how they are dynamic or how they are viewed differently consisting of how the outside views them versus how they view themselves. Dynamic in the way they chose to manipulate their identities based on the situation at hand. or how it is hard to put a text book definition on the Kathoey)..