Secondary Literature

Counterintelligence is one of the most vital areas of the United States intelligence system, and is heavily intertwined with our history, laws and ethics. According to the National Security Act of 1947, counterintelligence (CI) is defined as “information gathered and activities conducted to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted by or on behalf of foreign governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations or foreign persons, or international terrorist activities.” It consists of five activities and functions: operations, investigations, collection, analysis and production, and functional services. In this aspect, CI is unique in that it is both an activity and its product. U.S. intelligence agencies, including the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) collect and analyze both CI information and foreign intelligence. There are many counterintelligence activities that the United States is involved in, as both CI and foreign intelligence play an important role in countering threats to our country’s national security. Among these most controversial and misunderstood activities are counterespionage and disinformation.

For our purposes, we will use the Title 22 of the US Code, Section 2656f(d), to define terrorism. It defines terrorism as “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents” (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). Examples of terrorism persist on a near daily basis around the world. Unstable countries, such as Afghanistan and Syria, deal with terrorist attacks on a constant basis. The common thread of these attacks is deliberate targeting of civilian populations in order to achieve political objectives. The best known and largest example are

This essay originally titled Studying Literature in Grade 12, has an abundance of information regarding and convincing the readers that the grade twelve English course should be composed of Canadian literature. The grammar in this essay however, was weak. The subject did not agree to their pronouns, making many sentences awkward. Overall, improvements could have been made. Some of these include MLA format, the title, introduction paragraph, grammar, punctuation and the citation format.

Since 1947, when the Central Intelligence Agency was created, the United States has had an organization that has the sole purpose of conducting covert operations, collecting information, and providing that same information to the respective personnel. Although, this, by some, has been considered conflictual as the CIA is handling those three actions. It is considered that this may be a conflict of interest in a means of, the same people that are collecting information, creating a bias opinion, are conducting the covert action being carried out. This could create a bias work environment. Due to the professionalism and 60 years of success to show for it, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Clandestine Service (NCS) conducting

Throughout the history of English literature there has been a distinguished group of outcasts known as the other. The characters who are typically labeled the others are individuals that are perceived by a larger group as not belonging and are flawed in an essential way. The larger group sets the standards for what is normal and what is not. If a character is not up to par with such set forth standards they are labeled the other. The novels presented in AP English IV have contained multiple characters who became known as the others.

In her 1999 book Flawed By Design, Stanford academic Amy Zegart examines the three main American national security agencies: the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), and the National Security Council (NSC). She covers the history of each of the agencies from creation to the 1990s. While going through each of their histories, she makes a point to break down their histories into their creations and evolutions. This breakdown allows Zegart to effectively and concisely support her conclusion that the agencies are flawed by design. Furthermore, her conclusions are relevant to the U.S. military today. Any competent military professional should learn lessons from Zegart as the lessons she offers have keen importance

The Intelligence Community is a cooperative federation of sixteen separate United States government agencies that worked separately and together on matters of foreign relations and national security. One of these agencies is the Central Intelligence Agency which is to collect, analyze, evaluate, disseminate foreign intelligence to assist the President and senior US government policymakers in making decisions relating to national security. Therefore this paper will discuss Central Intelligence Agency history and the role it plays in combating acts of terrorism.

The Central Intelligence Agency pursues the effort to enhance the protection of the republic and the democratic ideals of the United States of America when being threatened by foreign nations and the communist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Hence, the gathering of intelligence through field agents becomes essential and the secretiveness of the operations is indispensable in order to obtain accuracy. Information on the actions in areas such as Poland, have caused field agents to have been entitled to research the current situation at both the levels of the populace and the central government. Apart from this region, operations in Moscow include the infiltration in the government and constant recruitment of agents in order to predict

Army counterintelligence (CI) serves a tremendously important function within the United States Army and the overall US Intelligence community. However, the utilization of Army CI is very flawed. Agents are recruited from the best the US Army has to offer via a formal application and recruitment process. After acceptance into the program, prospective agents are sent to the CI Special Agents Course (CISAC) at Fort Huachuca, Arizona for approximately 19 weeks. During CISAC, future agents are trained on CI investigations, source operations, discreet surveillance, as well as evidence collection. After CISAC students graduate as badged and credentialed CI special agents. Agents leave CISAC completely motivated to thwart our nation’s adversaries, however they often find

Dangers to the country are tireless and continually developing. Local and remote psychological warfare and the growing range of transnational composed wrongdoing syndicates crosswise over the internet, worldwide outskirts, and jurisdictional limits of the United States highlight then proceeded with need to manufacture and manage successful knowledge and data sharing organizations among the government; state, nearby, tribal, and regional (SLTT) governments; and the

A few faultfinders contend that undercover activity disregards the standards of global law and the United Nations contract, as it includes "interfering" in the undertakings of another sovereign country state without an honest to goodness command or determination to do so. Moreover, covert activities might be viewed as a demonstration of war by the objective country. There is some worry that the mystery of secret activity makes an absence of responsibility and straightforwardness, notwithstanding the oversight prerequisites. Undercover promulgation raises the apparition of "blowback," which alludes to the danger of a story planted in remote media that then gets got by the U.S. media and reported in American media. At long last, especially with bigger paramilitary operations, there is a danger of revelation and open exposure, which might have antagonistic outcomes for the U.S. organization. Public divulgence of a secret activity could humiliate the U.S. government, and in addition the legislature of the objective nation, and could successfully restrain or even switch the outside approach increases looked for from the secretive activity in any

The term “Covert Action” brings with it a connotation of shadowy figures wrapped in secrecy and intrigue. It also brings with it a substantial amount of moral questions as to “what is right.” The use of covert action has been widely publicized since the early seventies, but trying to find out the truth to these events has been difficult to say the least. What is even more difficult, is historically recording these events into categories of successes or failures. These operations are difficult to dissect because of their secrecy and although events have been recorded, some facts simply aren’t apparent. This paper will seek to identify the complex issues associated with covert operations.

Reviewing of several literatures reveals the great promises revolution in military affairs holds for conventional, combined-arms warfare, but the same cannot be said of its potential value in conflict short of war. When, it comes to terrorism, insurgency, or violence associated with drug trafficking, it is not so clear-cut. The outcome can be a failure

In recent years, the link between organized crime, terrorism, and drug trafficking has become increasingly intertwined. The interactions between these three organizations have facilitated terrorism on a global scale as the activities perpetrated by these groups have demonstrated. These formerly independent endeavors have not only began to collaborate with each other, but discernable trends have emerged due to their collaboration.

Cordesman, A. (2017). The Patterns in Global Terrorism: 1970-2016. [online] Csis.org. Available at: https://www.csis.org/analysis/patterns-global-terrorism-1970-2016 [Accessed 16 May 2018].