RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. RESEARCH PARADIGM
Stating a knowledge claim means that researchers start a project with certain assumptions about how they will learn and what they will learn during their enquiry. These claims might be called as paradigms (Lincoln & Guba, 2000; Mertens, 1998); philosophical assumptions, epistemologies, and ontologies (Crotty, 1998); or broadly conceived research methodologies (Neuman, 2000). Philosophically, researchers make claims about what is knowledge (ontology), how we know it (epistemology), what values go into it (axiology), how we write about it (rhetoric), and the processes for studying it (methodology) (Creswell, 1994).
The researcher brings to the choice of a research design assumptions about the knowledge in claims. In addition, operating at more applied level are strategires of inquiry or traditions of inquiry (Creswell, 1998) or methodologies (Mertens, 1998) that provide specific direction of procedures in research design.
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE MIXED METHODS
1.Experimental designs Narratives Sequential
2.Non-experimental designs such as surveys Phenomenologies Concurrent Ethnographies Transformative Grounded theory Case studies
Table: Alternative stratagies of inquiry
2. APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
This section highlights the main aspects of Research design whereby research approaches and their associated methods are explored in depth.
2.1 Quantitative approach
A quantitative approach is generally applied in the testing or
The research design and methods of a study are constructed based on identifying the research problem, developing the theoretical framework, and reviewing the literature (Merriam, 2009). However, the heart of any research design, according to Maxwell (2013), is the research questions. The research questions help to focus the study and influence the choice of research design and methods for data collection. “More than any other aspect of your design, your research questions will have an influence on, and should be responsive to, every other part of your study” (Maxwell, 2013, p. 73).
This article analyzed the positive experiences of twelve individuals who had visible differences (Egan et al 2011, p. 739). This study discovered four main elements that helped people to interpret their related experiences in a positive way. Generally, it can be seen that the authors applied interpretive social science (Neuman 2006, p. 87) to produce this study to capture participants’ experiences and feelings. There are some advantages that can be yielded by utilizing this perspective. Firstly, the authors were able to understand individuals’ different social lives. The complex social factors can be extracted to interpret participants’ feelings and emotions from their personal experiences. It was
This paper will review different styles of research design along with how different variables within research can be measured.
Creswell, J. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
During the course of English 102 this semester, I analyzed, questioned, and made critical connections between sources by using my research, my sources, interpretation, analysis, and critique. Upon entering the class, I didn’t understand what an inquiry-based research essay was, and I didn’t see the distinction between this inquiry-based research project and other types of research I have done. However, through several modifications and suggestions from my classmates, instructor, and the Writing Center, I now understand what inquiry is, and how to employ it.
The research process is a systematic approach that is carried out with a particular aim or purpose. However, in order to come up to a conclusion based on the objective of the research, the researchers collect a multitude of information that can be analyzed. This is a normal course of action that is applied to all research and evaluation projects, despite of the fact that research method involves a scientific method of inquiry or an evaluation based research or action research.
Creswell, J. W.(2003) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches, 2th edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication
I look forward to implementing my newfound knowledge of necessary characteristics of research design into my own practice and encouraging my peers to do the same in the future. My textbook by Polit and Beck (2017) and the outside supporting sources Dr. Eschiti presented will back my practices if they are ever questioned.
This section provides an introduction to the different types of research paradigms and methods before concluding on the approach that this study will undertake.
When selecting a research approach, Creswell (2014) outlines criteria that affect the choice of one approach over another. I have already discussed how my worldview, personal experiences, and identified problem of practice and the questions affect my research. The design, methods, and audience of my emerging research will also be considered in terms of choosing a research approach.
In doing the research, the methodology must be appropriate so that the analysis findings could reach the objective. Research methodology proposed one procedure in order way to be follow to answer all the questions in the research that want to be made. Quoted by Denzin and Lincoln (1994), methodology is a process that related with research objective and data. In the others word, it is early research planning that include the research scope, data collection method, data collection process and data analysis method. For Ranjit (2005), methodology is one of crucial part in research, in order to ensure the research can be done in the systematic way Overall, this chapter will discuss on the research frame and the methodologies used in order to meet the research objectives. Research process been divided into three main parts there are preliminary research part, data collection and last one data analysis.
When selecting the appropriate research methods, it was important for me to carefully consider the approaches that would best fit my research in order to reach meaningful conclusions. I decided to choose approaches that I see fit around my research topic and would ensure I achieve the results to come out of my research. As (Walker, 1985, p.46) advocates that “Just as recipes are not simply things that are done to food, but become concepts within which method and substance are compounded. Methods in research can become an intrinsic part of the project. The methods we choose are, in this sense, there to be tested, just as much as the substantive hypothesis”. This claims that the methods that are chosen to embark on an area of research are a vital part of the project and need to be taken into account just as much as the question that the methods are used to answer it. Therefore, the two approaches I chose to shape my research were a case study and appreciative inquiry to allow me to collect the data I had selected which was the following; questionnaires, interviews and observations.
This essay have discussed about the main methodological approaches and the definition and explanation of the main philosophical terms, as well as mentioned about which philosophical approach will be use in the research project for next year.
The research design is primarily concerned with the structure and framework of plans within which empirical activities concerned with research are to be undertaken. It encapsulates concepts such as population and sample of the study, methodology and characteristic of the study as well as instrument for generation of data and defines the layout for the entire field work (Sullivan, 2001; Sarantakos, 2005). Similarly, Baridam (2008) describe research design as the basic question of how the focus of the research will be brought into and how they will be employed within the research setting to obtain the required information. It is a framework for collecting valid and reliable data to test the hypotheses and answer the research questions.
The above objective is fulfilled by initiating an exact design required for performing the research process. The research design illustrates the basic understanding about the research (NLP) and various features.