Procurement Cycle
- A purchasing cycle often describes the steps that the consumer or business undergoes before making a purchase.
- The consumer purchasing cycle involves awareness for the need for a product, a search for information about the product category, evaluation of the products available, a decision to purchase a specific item and then post-purchase interactions.
- In a company setting, a purchasing cycle is established by a purchasing department and may include steps like :
Obtaining approval for a purchase
Completing purchase requisition paperwork
Soliciting bids
Issuing a purchase order, receiving and inspecting the item
Adding it to an inventory and paying vendor invoices
Overview
Almost all purchasing decisions include factors such as delivery and handling, marginal benefit, and price fluctuations. Procurement generally involves making buying decisions under conditions of scarcity. If good data is available, it is good practice to make use of economic analysis methods such as cost-benefit analysis or cost-utility analysis.
The ten steps of the procurement cycle:-
Step 1: Need identification
-Purchase request A document is written by a user to inform purchasing of a specific need
-Reorder point system
A method used to initiate the purchase of routine items. Typically, each item has a predetermined order point and order quantity
-Statement of Work/Scope of Work (SOW)
Terms and conditions for a purchased service. Includes how supplier will be
Auto-sourced Purchase Order – these are purchase orders that do not require purchasing approval prior to being sourced and dispatched to suppliers.
Research suggests that customers go through a five-stage decision-making process when making any purchase. This is summarised in the diagram below:
The procurement life cycle can be made up into 13 key stages. The stages I am going to follow the CIPS stages of procurement and supply management. (Cips.org, 2017)
Business-to-Business ecommerce refers to electronic processing of transactions such as products/services or information between businesses (Shaw, 2015). It includes electronic data interchange and supply chain management. It also influences the buying decision of customers in that when customers decide on a purchase, they start by checking it
C. applies to categories or types of products as opposed to brands D. shows that sales and profits tend to move together over time 18) Which of the following is one of the product life cycle stages? A. Market analysis
- this approach allows users to use releases directly to suppliers, but Purchasing still responsible for determining what items should be on a blanket purchase order. This type is for repetitive orders from a supplier and usually in effect for a year.
Finally, the orders process systematically provides
In order to institutionalize best procurement and acquisition practices in an organization, I would begin by forming a cross-functional team made up of supply management personnel, finance personnel, attorneys, human resources, engineers, and other subject matter experts. As was highlighted in chapter ___ of the class text, this is the best approach for ensuring that the broadest possible range of ideas and perspectives are incorporated early into the planning process. Additionally, it ensures that a great idea conceived of by one functional area is viewed from within the restrictions and/or limitations imposed by another. As with specifications development, this process allows the team to develop a reasonable, effective, and implementable plan that works across functional areas and provides the greatest return on investment.
Company Introduction Mission Statement Apply D’Aveni’s Hypercompetition and the New 7 Ss Framework model Apply Five Competitive Forces model Draw Organizational Structure Identify Strategic Goals Translate Strategic Goals to Business Requirements Translate Architecture to Infrastructure Evaluate Additional Issues Describe the Sourcing Decision Cycle Framework Discuss the role of CIO
One tool presently available is e-buy. A tool developed with other large buyers and our Parent company Boeing. Since 80% of the procurement transactions are for these “day-to-day” buys, it is imperative these new processes target this segment. Making the process dimplier and more efficient on
E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the Internet. These business transactions occur either business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer or consumer-to-business. The terms e-commerceand e-business are often used interchangeably. The term e-tail is also sometimes used in reference to transactional processes around online retail, (SearchCIO, 2015). In other words e-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services online.
The purchasing or procurement department can be likened to a production department in a manufacturing set up. The purchasing would be responsible for acquisition of goods for the inventory to accomplish the goals of the Triumph Trading Company. Its roles include purchase planning, specification development, standards determination, inventory control and price negotiation, disposal and other related functions. Hence, the administrative department would perform management activities that would benefit the entire organization. Some of its subdivision would be human resources unit- to ensure that the company’s employees are competent and supervise their welfare.
Purchasing-Information gained from planning stage used to purchase raw material for products and packaging from supplier.
All projects involve the need to determine whether the project work will be done in-house, external to the organization (outsourced), or a combination of the two. This is called “make-or-buy analysis” and is an essential part of project planning, as well as a tool/technique integral to procurement planning