Methyle Pentane Lab Report

Samples of benzophenone, malonic acid, and biphenyl were each tested with water, methyl alcohol, and hexane. Benzophenone was insoluble in water as it is nonpolar while water is highly polar. Benzophenone was soluble in methyl alcohol, dissolving in 15 seconds, because methyl alcohol is intermediately polar as benzophenone is nonpolar. Methyl alcohol is polar but not as much as water. Thus, the nonpolar benzophenone was soluble in methyl alcohol. Benzophenone was partially soluble in hexane because hexane is nonpolar as is benzophenone. Thus, benzophenone was dissolved in hexane. Malonic acid was soluble in water because both malonic acid and water are polar. It took 25 seconds for malonic acid to dissolve in water. Malonic acid was soluble in methyl alcohol because malonic acid is polar and methyl alcohol is intermediately polar, allowing malonic acid to dissolve in the methanol in 15 seconds. Malonic acid was insoluble in hexane because hexane is nonpolar while malonic acid is polar. Biphenyl was insoluble in water as water is highly polar whilst biphenyl is nonpolar. Biphenyl was partially soluble in methanol which is intermediately polar whilst biphenyl is nonpolar, allowing it to dissolve a little. Biphenyl was soluble in hexane because both biphenyl and hexane are nonpolar molecules. Biphenyl dissolved in hexane in 10 seconds.

In this experiment, an alkyne—diphenylacetylene—was prepared by a double dehydrobromination. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and high heat were used to accomplish this. The precipitate of this reaction was collected by vacuum filtration. It was then washed with water and recrystallized using ethanol. The product was then isolated again before the weight was taken for further analysis of percent yield. The melting point was also taken to identify that it was the desired product.

Discussion As part of the experiment, the percent composition of each component of the mixture was calculated. 51% of the components were retrieved from filtration while 49% of the solvents were retrieved from dissolving the components in a solvent. The original mixture was one globular solid-like structure.

The N2O and NO fluxes measurements were conducted in 2–28 days intervals during the growing season and 10-30 days intervals during the non-growing season and between 8:00 and 11:00 h each measuring day to minimize the effect of diurnal temperature variation. The stainless steel chamber (40 cm in diameter and 30 cm high) was used for the measurement (Toma and Hatano, 2007). Gas samples were taken from the chambers using a 50 mL syringe. The samples N2O were collected for 0; 15 and 30 minutes and for 0 and 30 minutes for NO samples. N2O was analysed using gas chromatography with ECD (GC-2014 Model, Shimadzu) and NO using NOx Analyser (265 P Model, Kimoto Electric, Osaka, Japan). Gas flux is the gradient of gas concentration in chamber over time. The cumulative gas flux was calculated by

0.300 grams of biphenyl/ p-toluidine sample was weighed. Next, 10 mL of dichloromethane was measured in a graduated cylinder. The dichloromethane was transferred to a small beaker then the solid mixture was dissolved in it. A Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was conducted with the dissolved mixture in 20% Ethyl Acetate and 80% Hexane solution. The TLC plate was observed to be impure with two spots. To being extraction, a separatory funnel was placed inside of the hood and the stopcock was closed. A flask was placed under the funnel then the mixture was added to the funnel. Next, 10 mL of 3M HCL was measured in a graduated cylinder and

It didn't take me long to realize I needed to get high. The chemicals of the blue dolphin I took, probably pressed with baby powder or some other hard drug clings to my veins telling me not to stop. PillReports.net says that they're mostly mixed with other substances and aren't pure MDMA (methylenedioxy-methamphetamine aka molly) but at this point I don't care. It takes at the most 3 days for ecstasy to leave your body via pee to pass a drug test, but the effects may last a life time. On the bright side, at least I haven't felt any of those effects besides depression and memory loss. It's only been 2 days since I've gotten high and 1 1/2 days since I've wanted to get high again because half of that day was spent on getting high. Online,

In this experiment, the main objective was to synthesize a ketone from borneol via an oxidation reaction and secondly, to produce a secondary alcohol from camphor via a reduction reaction. Therefore, the hypothesis of this lab is that camphor will be produced in the oxidation reaction and isoborneol will be the product of the reduction reaction because of steric hindrance. For the oxidation step, a reflux will be done and then a microscale reflux for the reduction step. The products will be confirmed using Infrared spectroscopy, the chromic acid test, 2,4-DNP test and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results of this

In this experiment, a Friedel-Crafts acylation was carried our by reacting acetic anhydride (the acylating agent) and dichloromethane (solvent) with anisole to substitute an acyl group onto the aromatic ring of anisole. Friedel-Crafts reaction can be classified as an electrophilic aromatic substitution. This involves an electrophile replacing a hydrogen atom located in the aromatic compounding forming a new carbon-carbon double blond. Acylation of a monosubstituted benzene has the opportunity to yield any or all three different disubstituted products. We used the boiling point and results from 1H NMR spectroscopy to determine if the product was a single product or a mixture of isomers. Say something about yields, NMR, and boiling point....

1-butanol and ethanoic acid, and the product, 1-butyl-ethanoate exist in the same mixture due to the reflux setup, the reaction can never go to completion. Moreover, when isolating and purifying the ester, 1-butyl-ethanoate, some of the product will be lost. This will also occur when separating the ester in distillation, hence, it is not possible to obtain 100% of the product. So, if a theoretical yield were to be calculated, it would not be very accurate. The resulting value of the theoretical yield would most probably represent the maximum yield of the experiment as opposed to an actual yield of how much product will be obtained in the end. Therefore, it is not possible to get the theoretical yield in the experiment due to the lost of product (the ester) throughout the process in numerous occasions.

In a 100-mL beaker, 6.0 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was cooled to 0 ˚C and then 3.05 g of methyl benzoate (C6H5CO2CH3; density=1.08 g/mL) was added. In two different beakers, 2.0 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 2.0 mL of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) were cooled in an ice bath. Both acids were mixed together and the mixture was allowed to cool in the ice bath. The mixture in the 100-mL beaker was cooled to 0 ˚C. While still remaining in the ice bath, the acid mixture was slowly added into the methyl benzoate solution by the use of a Pasteur pipet. The temperature of the solution was controlled by swirling the solution and stopping the addition of acid mixture when the temperature raised.

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

In this experiment, methyl benzoate was synthesized from benzoic acid and methanol with acid catalyze using Fisher Esterification. First benzoic acid and methanol were mixed in 100 mL round bottom flask. We cooled the mixture in ice and poured 3 mL of conc. H2SO4 and swirled to mix compounds. Then we refluxed the mixture for 1 hour. We let the solution cool and then decanted into a separatory funnel containing 50 mL of water and rinsed the round bottom flask with 35 mL of tert-butyl methyl ether and added that to a separatory funnel. We shook and vented thoroughly and drained the aqueous layer which contained a bulk of methanol and H2SO4. We washed the solution in the separatory funnel with 25 mL of water, followed by 25 mL of sat. sodium bicarbonate

The BET surface areas of SBA-15, thiol-functionalized SBA-15, and Bi-thiol-functionalized SBA-15 are 847, 512, and 347 m2/g, respectively. The pore volumes of those are 1.03, 0.85, and 0.62 cm3/g, respectively (shown in Table 2). The gradual decrease of the surface area and pore volume can also be understood in the attachment of thiol group to the inner wall of SBA-15 or bismuth to the thiol group as discussed above. Interestingly, the pore diameter of Bi-SBA-15 is similar to that of SBA-15, indicating that bismuth is not impregnated to the

Qualitative analysis can be made by investigating the wavelengths of the fluorescence X-rays and quantitative analysis by investigating the X-ray dose. The energies are investigated by two methods. One is to optically separate them and the other is to use the energy separation characteristic of the X-ray detector. The former is called the wavelength dispersive method an: the latter the energy dispersive method. The element analyzer employs the latter method. As seen from the figure, since the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer has no moving parts employs a simple optical system, its structure is simple and compact. And since the detector can be installed the specimen, the X-ray solid angle of collection can be made large, thus offering many features such as

Figure1 shows the diffractogram of the sample scanned in the range of 20-80o. The XRD pattern reveals that Pb(S,Se) film is polycrystalline in nature. The planes