Suzie Toraitis
Professor Connie Yandow
Seminar in Education Inquiry
04 March 2011 Research Draft
Mandatory Human Papilloma Vaccine
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most commonly sexually transmitted disease in the United States. It is estimated that at least 80% of men and women acquire an HPV infection during their lifetime. “In a recent study of women in the United States 25% of fourteen to nineteen year olds were infected with at least one type of HPV. HPV is often acquired within a few months of sexual initiation, even among people with only one partner”. (Contemporary OB/GYN) Men are the main carriers of this infection but once a woman has been exposed to the infection she is also a carrier of HPV. Once a person has been
…show more content…
Approximately 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer occur each year worldwide, 260,000 of which are fatal. In the U.S., it is estimated that there were over 9,700 cases of cervical cancer in 2006, and of these 3,700 resulted in deaths”. Vaccinations are one of the most successful public health approaches to preventing and controlling infectious diseases. According to the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices the vaccine has been proven to be virtually 100% effective against the two types of HPV that are responsible for some 70% of cervical cancers.
HPV cannot be avoided by using condoms the only hope of not becoming infected with this STI is by having the HPV vaccinations or living a celibate life. This vaccination is a series of three vaccines given over a six month period. There have been fears by the public about the safety of the vaccine by many parents. However, in clinical trials conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
“As of December 31, 2008, more than 23 million doses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine had been distributed in the United States; as of that date, the VAERS database included 11,916 reports of adverse events after HPV vaccination. Of these 94% were considered to be non-serious, they included dizziness, syncope, nausea, pain at the
Along with the pros to the HPV vaccine there are a lot of important things to consider that may harm you as a result of the vaccination. The vaccination might not be as safe, effective, and ethical as it is portrayed. There has been a common relationship found between the quadrivalent HPV vaccine and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) has had 31 conventional reports of GBS after the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Along with that there have also been acute respiratory illness in breastfeeding infants whose mother received the vaccine within 30 days has been reported. These are vital health risks that are not worth a simple
HPV vaccination is the most common used method for preventing cervical cancer in young girls ranging from age nine to eleven years old. The overall perception of the vaccine is positive by the public because of its wide use and support by state laws, school systems and medical associations. According to the American Pediatric Association the vaccine has an excellent safety record. (Nirvi,1) A reasonable amount of parents still feel skeptical about mandatory HPV vaccination on their kids and lack great knowledge regarding the vaccine’s effectiveness.
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are over 100 types of HPV, but only 40 types affect the genital area and can cause genital warts and cervical cancer in women (“Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine”). In 2011 in the United States, 12,109 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer. Of those, 4,092 women died (“Cervical Cancer Statistics”). HPV is not only contracted from sexual intercourse, but also from skin to skin contact, including oral sex. The STI affects males and females involved in both homosexual and heterosexual sexual activities. Over 70 percent of sexually active individuals contract and carry HPV before the age of 80. In order to combat HPV two different brands of HPV vaccination – Gardasil and Cervarix – were created. Both include a vaccination plan of three shots over the course of six months. Gardasil was created by Merck & Co., and was licensed by the FDA in June 2006. The vaccine protects against HPV types 16 and 18, which lead to cervical cancer, as well as types 6 and 11, which cause 90% of genital warts. The FDA later approved Cervarix, created by GlaxoSmithKline, in 2009, which only protects against HPV types 16 and 18 (“Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine”). Originally, Gardasil was only approved for females, but three years after the release, the vaccine was approved
The HPV vaccine should be required on the grounds that it will reduce sexually transmitted infections in the United States. The human papillomavirus is spread and contracted through sexual intercourse. Around twenty million people have the human papillomavirus in the United States (Creel). An abundance of people do not realize that they have been infected by the human papillomavirus since it has no symptoms, thus making the virus dangerous. If a person has the human papilloma virus and does not acquire treatment, it can lead to cancer or genital warts. Women might learn if they have contracted the human papilloma virus if they have a Pap smear test done. Unfortunately, men are not able to know if they have the virus unless they develop genital warts or cancer. Research shows that the HPV vaccine, "produces a strong immune response when tested" (Creel). If a person decides to receive the vaccine when required and is ever exposed to the virus the chances of contracting the virus are extremely low. As of today, studies show that both HPV vaccines can reduce the risk of contracting cancer and genital warts
The vaccine has been proven to protect one from the most common HPV cancers such as vaginal , cervical , anal , and vulvar . Though it has yet to be proven to protect from HPV cancers such as the oropharynx and penis . Another way is to use protection when engaging in sexual activity. But the most effective way is to practice abstinence .
The vaccine is most effective when all doses are received before a person has sexual contact with his or her first partner. The HPV vaccine protects females against the types of HPV that cause most cervical cancers, and also protects against most genital warts. So you’re probably asking yourself “How do we know that the HPV vaccine is safe?” All three HPV vaccines Cervarix, Gardasil and Gardasil 9 went through years of extensive safety testing before they were licensed by the FDA, and the FDA will only license a vaccine if it is safe, effective, and the benefits outweigh the risk. The CDC and the FDA continue to monitor the HPV vaccines to make sure they are safe and beneficial to the
My initial instinct was to continue looking for another topic; however, after a few moments it occurred to me that I didn’t know as much about the topic as I had thought. All I truly knew was the fact that it is a STI, and one can receive a series of vaccines to prevent it. After conducting my research on HPV, I am happy I choose this topic due to my need for increased knowledge not only for myself but for my patients’ health as well.
Cases show that over 4,000 people die from a cancer caused by HPV every year. This HPV vaccine is virtually 100% effective in preventing the lesions, which in turn prevents most cervical cancers caused by HPV. This vaccine is said to mirror the Hepatitis B vaccine which can last up to thirty years! The vaccine is also very safe. Case studies have been done on over one million women, and no one has come through with any side effects. This vaccine doesn’t prevent you from all sexually transmitted diseases, and it also isn’t sure to prevent you from all types of Human Papillomaviruses, just the ones that are more likely to cause cervical
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted disease that infects the ano-genital tract of both males and females (Rubin, Kuttab, Rihani, & Reutzel, 2012, p. 1145). “A substantial burden of cancers and anogenital warts are attributable to HPV in the United States: in 2009, an estimated 34,788 new HPV-associated cancers and approximately 355,000 new cases of anogenital warts were associated with HPV infection” (CDC, 2015). The Gardasil quadrivalent vaccine was created to prevent the transmission of HPV. This vaccination is usually administered to adolescents between 11-12 years old and is a three dose series given over the course of six months. As a result of the extended vaccine period many patients are not completing the
HPV is short for Human Papillomavirus. The virus can cause anal cancer, mouth/throat cancer, vaginal cancer, and cancer in the penis for men. “There are about 17,500 women and 9,300 men affected by HPV-related cancers every year” (Eggen 1). It has been medically proven that the vaccine could have prevented the cancer. The human papillomavirus is passed from one person to another during any skin to skin sexual contact. The virus is most common during late teen years to early twenties. The vaccination is recommended for preteen girls and boys at age eleven or twelve. Some parents feel as though this is preparing their child for sex, and do not find it morally acceptable. However it has been proven that “the HPV vaccine has a better response in preteens, and this could essentially mean better protection for a child” (Eggen 1).Some social conservatives objected at the time that the vaccine would
When getting any vaccine, there's always a risk of side effects; however, most of them are mild and temporary. This is true of the HPV vaccine, too—it doesn't pose greater risk than other vaccines, and it certainly doesn't cause mental retardation, as US Congresswoman Michele Bachmann erroneously claimed in 2011. Also, even if you've already been infected with HPV,
There have been concerns about the safety of the HPV vaccines. In Basu’s (2013) article they reviewed the evidence from the phase III trials and national programs for the HPV vaccine. After reviewing the data though the article showed that all the randomized control trials reported both their serious and non-serious adverse events that took place during the phase III trials. “There were 20,000 participants in the trial” (p.4). Pain at the injection site, headache, and fatigue were the most frequently reported issues. The serious adverse effects were very rare so the vaccine was considered safe.
While three FDA approved vaccines are available in the US, only Gardasil and Gardasil 9 are approved for use in males. HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing infection with the types of HPV they target when given before initial exposure to the virus, mainly before individuals begin to engage in sexual activity. To date, protection against the targeted HPV types has
(17) This often result in parents delaying the HPV vaccination until their child became sexually active. After sexual debut, HPV transmission happens commonly and relatively quickly. Since HPV vaccination works best on individual without prior HPV infection, efficacy of the vaccine might be compromised in these cases. There are also some who rejected the idea based on the fear that vaccination would promote sexual activity and promiscuity. There are also some misconceptions which discourage parents from subjecting their child to the HPV vaccine. For instance, some believed that the vaccine contain live viruses. Clearing up such misconception will improve vaccination
The first reason for the implementation of HPV vaccination is to reduce the high mortality rate of cervical cancer. According to WHO (2017) cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women and in 2012 more than 270,000 women died from the cancer, in particular 85 percent of the death occurred in less developed regions. That explains the cervical cancer is a serious threat to women’s health all round the world, especially in low and