Macromolecules Lab

At five minute intervals over the next fifteen minute period, record the color intensity of the solution of each test tube.

The most common macromolecules found in living organisms are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. Briefly, the meaning of macromolecules is that they normally contain two or more molecules in them and their main functions are to store energy, information and much more. Most foods are known to be combinations of macromolecules. While some of these compounds can be detected by taste tests, many cannot. Scientists then use certain tests to determine the presence of macromolecules.

13. To test for lipids, divide the piece of brown paper into 9 equal sections.

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

In order to test the predictions of the hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic hypothesis for the solution  made during the study,  four samples of sucrose were taken and placed into two different beakers each containing a different concentration. Beaker 1 is  250- mL and contained 150-mL of 10% sucrose with dialysis tubing A, while beaker 2 (a large bowl) contained 1% sucrose, with dialysis tubing  B, C, and D. Tubing A contained 10-mL with 1% sucrose. Tubing B

13. Dip the end of the ph Strip into well A1 to get the ph value and label in Data Table 1.

4.Measure 35mL of warm water and add them into each of the 4 test tubes at about roughly the same time. It is essential that the water is warm. Do not seal the test tube.

We then recorded the initial color. We placed each tube in boiling water for one minute and recorded the color results and gave our conclusion. To test for starch using Lugol’s solution, we reused the test tubes and added a squirt of the solution. We recorded the final color and then our conclusion for each content. To test for lipids using paper towels, we placed a drop of solution and we let it stand for one minute. We then recorded our observation, if it was dry or not dry and wrote our conclusion for each sample. To test for proteins using Biuret’s reagent, we added a squirt of stock solution plus a few drops of Biuret’s solution. We wrote the initial color. We then shook the solution and waited for two minutes before recording the results. After the two minutes, we wrote the final color and conclusion for each content. For the unknowns, we wrote the odor and appearance of each content and then tested the benedict’s, starch, lipid, and protein test and wrote our conclusion.

The controls in this lab are distilled water and baking soda solution because they are tested in every part of the lab. It is important to have these controls for each test because they do not contain any macromolecules so they should test negative for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, and providing a base example of a negative reaction. This is useful because it is known they should not contain any of the macromolecules, so if they reacted, it is possible cross contamination occurred. Knowing whether cross contamination occurred allows students to examine their results more carefully.

Macromolecules BCM 261 10/13/2014 Caroline Venter 13019865 Introduction Background Many of the molecules that are crucial in living organisms and systems are very large and are usually made up of macromolecules. Macromolecules are organic molecules with a large molecular mass and consist of repeating units called monomers. These repeating monomers are formed via condensation or dehydration reactions (loss of water or other small molecules in order to join two molecules) and usually each have a small molecular mass which contributes to the overall large molecular mass of macromolecules (Jenkins, Kratochvíl, Stepto, & Suter, 2009).

Water Quality & Contamination Abstract My report was based on how ground water may be affected by many containments present in our surroundings. I believed that all of the water samples would have been contaminated once mixed with the soil. As I predicted vinegar filtered through the soil and came out fairly clean.

There are four types of biomolecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are large chains of sugar found in food and living tissues. This includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. They have the same ratio of hydrogen and oxygen that water has, 2:1. They are broken down to release energy in the animal body. Lipids are any organic compounds that are fatty acids and don’t dissolve in water but do in organic solvents. Fatty acids can be found in natural oils, waxes, and steroids. Proteins are macromolecules that do everything in the cell. They are tools and machines that make things happen. Nucleic acids are long strands of nucleotides, and function primarily in storage and transmission of genetic information. There are two types of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. DNA is the genetic material of all cellular organisms, and RNA sends out messages from the information that is held in the DNA.

Depending upon the strength of an alkali and acid the right indicator is chosen: * A Titration between a strong acid and a weak alkali requires a methyl orange

Solutions and color reaction for Benedict’s test for reducing sugars and 2 iodine test for starch

The term macromolecule is convenient because the bulk properties of a macromolecule differ from those of smaller molecules. These large chemical compounds have a high molecular weight consisting of a number of structural units linked together by covalent bonds, giving them a variety of structures and functions in the body. Macromolecules (also known as supermolecules) are commonly grouped into four major categories: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. These are mainly composed of