Learning Disabilities Essay

“Attention Deficit Disorder” is a mental disorder which affects individuals’ movements, behavior, and focus. Thereby, it is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity such happens in academic, occupational or social settings.

Dyslexia is the term used to describe a cognitive disability in learning that affects reading, writing and communication despite an average level of intelligence and an equal access to education. (Le Jan et al., 2010). Dyslexia is commonly used as a blanket term that covers many smaller forms of cognitive impairment including surface dyslexia, phonological dyslexia, hyperlexia, letter identification dyslexia and letter position dyslexia. Most dyslexics suffer from multiple forms of these specific dyslexias and cases of pure developmental dyslexia are quite rare. (Castles, Bates, & Coltheart, 2006).

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. Problems

When people think of attention deficit disorder, they picture an out-of-control kid in constant motion, bouncing off the walls and disrupting everyone around them. But that is not the only possible picture.

The current and proper role the school system plays and should play, in dealing with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) will be discussed. My Brother’s Experiences with ADD and my Critiques of the following articles, are used in the discussion.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects school aged children with a high degree of inattention, excessive hyperactivity, impulsivity or a combination of any of these. In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, there must be two different environments in which the child has displayed his or her symptoms and it must occur before the child is twelve years of age (Halter, 2014). Children have a high comorbidity level with developmental, learning and psychiatric problems. There are three types of ADHD; inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive type and combination type. With inattentive type the child displays disorganization, is unable to complete tasks, becomes easily bored, and

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can sometimes be first noticed when a child starts school. Children have difficulty staying in their seats and controlling what they do or say. They have less control of their physical ability and can be inappropriate in certain conditions. Children easily lose focus during a lecture and are easily distracted, they may understand what is expected of them but have trouble following through with the commands. Dolgun, Savaser, and Yazgan (2013), states that ADHD causes children to be avoided in school and at home by their friends and family; they are excluded from group games and constantly reprimanded. Teachers may feel the need to talk to the parent about their child lack of attention in school and it will be up to the parent to contact the pediatrician for further evaluation.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, is “a disorder marked by inability to focus attention, or overactive and impulsive behavior, or both” (Comer, 2014, p. 530). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5) an adult must show five or more symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity for at least six months that negatively effects daily school or work activities (American Psychiatric Association , 2013). Important to note is that these behaviors must be present in two or more settings or situations.

The National Institute of Mental Health (2016) describes Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a neurodevelopment disorder that has an effect on someone 's functioning or development. ADHD affects the way someone functions because of the chronic conditions of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. However, it is possible that while some people with this neurodevelopment disorder experience both hyperactivity and inattention, that others may only experience one of the behaviors. Although Attention-Deficit Disorder (ADD) is not a term used in the medical field anymore, I will still explain the difference. ADD is a type of ADHD that is also a brain disorder that has an effect on someone 's functioning, but without the hyperactivity or impulsivity behaviors (Kinman, 2015). When a student has the symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity associated with ADHD and ADD, then it may cause learning challenges in the classroom that will impact their academic success. Therefore, it is crucial for teachers to know and understand how to identify ADHD in their students, what to do when they suspect that one of their students may have ADHD, and what teaching strategies will be beneficial to that student.

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is “a syndrome of disordered learning and disruptive behavior that is not caused by any serious underlying physical or mental disorder and that has several subtypes characterized primarily by symptoms of inattentiveness or primarily by symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsive behavior (as speaking out of turn) or by the significant expression of all three”, as defined in Merriam-Webster Dictionary. The disorder is unbiased; whereas, it affects men and women equally. In the United States alone, four to five percent of adults have the disorder; however, only some actually get properly diagnosed. (WebMD) In this paper, I will highlight some causes, effects, preventions, and treatments for ADD.

Psychological disorders and methods to treat them are an issue of hot debate in modern society, especially when the individuals are minors. The two eminent schools of thought on treatment of these disorders are: therapeutic options, such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, aimed at resolving the psychological disorders themselves, and medical options aimed at curing medical illnesses within the patient. Amidst the host of psychological disorders frequently diagnosed in children is Attention Deficit Disorder, also known as ADD. The range of opinions regarding this issue include: concerned parents, who want their child to be happy and healthy; hardworking educators, who want a productive class with attentive students; potential employers, who

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a common mental disorder whose definition continues to change. Most clinicians make a diagnosis off of a list of symptoms in three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. There are three different subtypes of ADHD: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type if both the inattentive criteria and the hyperactive/impulsive criteria have been present for the past six months; Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type if the inattention criteria are met but the hyperactive/impulsive criteria has not been present for the past six months; and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive

The characteristics of a dyslexic person can be very different from one person to the other, just as the characteristics of students without disabilities are different. These students show a different combination of learning problems. “Such characteristics are learning style, motor dexterity, time/math, memory/cognition, language/reading skills, behavior and vision. Sometimes the dyslexic youngster has early or late developmental stages, such as crawling, walking or talking” (Grolier’s).

Of the three previously mentioned diseases, Dyslexia impairs a person’s ability to read, write, and spell (NINDS 2003). Although they are of normal intelligence, their reading level is below average. They will usually have “trouble with phonological processing (the manipulation of sounds) and/or rapid visual-verbal responding.” (NINDS 2003). Children with dyslexia complain they cannot read their textbooks, do not have enough time to finish tests, cannot take notes, and are unable to read their own handwriting (GVSU 2000). Dyslexia does not affect every person the same way, and signs of the disorder may not be prevalent until later, when grammar and more in-depth writing skills are introduced. Dyslexia can also create a difficulty in processing vocabulary and thoughts correctly when speaking, and understanding what one says when they are spoken to. Dysgraphia is another neurological disorder that focuses on writing. When a child with this disorder is first introduced to writing, they will make unnecessary spaces between their letters, and some letters will be

Attention Deficit Disorder is diagnosed two ways: with or without hyperactivity. The inclusion of hyperactivity is what makes the difference between a diagnosis of ADD or ADHD. With children between the ages of 6 and 12 being the most commonly diagnosed ages, it has also been known to continue as they get older. With school-aged children being affected the most, it can become severely difficult for the student and teacher to work out a solution. Sure, the children can be given the commonly prescribed medications, but they don't get excluded from possible dependency or addiction.