Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in South Korea and Policy Lessons for Nepal
(A Master Degree Dissertation)
Submitted by: Raj Kumar Rai
MSc. International Finance
Student Ref No: M00235713
Submitted to:
Middlesex University Business School, London
2008/09
September 25, 2009
London, United Kingdom
I
Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is taken as one of the key factor of rapid economic growth and development. FDI, it is believed to stimulate domestic investment, human capital, and transfers technology. It is associated qualities which causes the faster economic development in the host countries. South Korea, for instance had one of the of the poorest economies during 1960s, but yet
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4.3 Data Collection and Data Sources……………………….
CHAPTER
5 An Over View of Recent FDI flows in South Korea
5.1 FDI inflow trend in South Korea………………………..
5.2 Sectorwise FDI inflow in South Korea………………….
5.3 Domestic Investment and Trade Statistics of South Korea (1980-2005)
5.4 Domestic Investment and FDI in South Korea……..
5.5 FDI policies in South Korea……………………………
5.6 Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Korea… CHAPTER
6 Discussion and Analysis …………………………………….
6.1 FDI and Economic Growth………………………………
6.2 Regression results of estimated model…………………..
CHAPTER
7 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
7.1 Summary……………………………………………..
7.2 Conclusion Remarks…………………………………
7.3 Policy Recommendations………………………….... References
Appendix
Map of South Korea
List of Tables
Sn Table No Page No 1. 3.1 Major top ten Korean Choebols 25
2. 3.2 FDI inflow in South Korea(1980-1990) 27
3. 3.3 Korean Economic Indicators in recent years 29
4. 3.4 GDP, FDI and Economic Growth in Asian Countries in 2007 32
5. 3.5 Product wise Export from Nepal 33
6. 3.6 List of Nepal’s Mfg goods and quota for export to India 34
7. 3.7 Sectorwise FDI inflow in Nepal 37
8. 5.1 FDI inflow in selected Asian countries 45
9. 5.2 FDI in South Korea by sectors(1985-1996) 50
10. 5.3 FDI in South Korea by sectors (1997-2005) 51
11. 5.4
The benefits brought by FDI to China are apparent. Economy is influenced by FDI in a number of ways. FDI involves transfer knowledge in the host country, which will create an increase on the existing stock of knowledge through labor training, the transfer of skills, and the transferring of new managerial and organizational experience. Also, it can help local corporations to access to advanced technology by capital accumulation in host countries (Mello, 1999 and Mello, 1997). Furthermore, FDI may allow China to develop in technology and knowledge which are not readily available locally, as a consequent increase productivity growth through the economy (Jose, 2003).
The Foreign Direct Investment is stimulated by diverse macroeconomic factors such as the GDP, GDP per capita and also by the political stability of a country. The US is the country, which receives the more FDI in the world; even tough some other countries recently have increased their FDI considerably in term of growth. The overall quality of the infrastructure in the US
Foreign direct investment by multinational corporations is the action of obtaining controlling equity share of a firm in a foreign country. There has been many discussions about the role of FDI in affecting a country’s unemployment rate and economic growth. Of which many believed
The research this material accounts for mainly focuses on the pros and cons of FDI regarding corporations more than host countries, like what are the factors that attract multinational’s investment, what are the risk of expropriation, the extent of the development of stock markets, and what is the linkage between democracy and foreign investment (Bekaert, Harvey, & Lundblad, 2011; Busse & Hefeker, 2007; Eichengreen et al., 2011; Li, 2009). Indeed, this specific research tells little about the host countries in this international flux of investment rather than distinguishing between developed and less-developed countries (LDCs).
During the 1997-1998 the Asia financial crisis, but it provided a great period for foreign company to invest in Korea market. In the passed 10 years, the China’s economic growth and keep investing in other
In today’s increasingly globally integrated business world, foreign direct investment (FDI) “provides a means for creating direct, established and long-lasting links between economies,” according to the 2008 Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment (OECD, 2008, p. 14). Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as “an investment made to acquire lasting interest in enterprises operating outside of the economy of the investor,” by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).9
Based on OECD Factbook 2013: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, Foreign direct investment defined as cross-border investment by other investors from the economy that had the objective to gain long term interest or benefit from other countries that need capital for development. FDI have divided into 3 categorty such as Horizontal FDI, plaform FDI and vertical FDI. Kimberly state that Foreign direct investment is global economic growth which are apply in all countries such as developing and emerging market countries. The main purpose of FDI that the investor from other countries invests the surplus capital to other countries to gain benefit. At same time, the developing countries will gain more advanatge on
FDI is an investment made by a company or entity based in one country, into a company or entity based in another country. Foreign direct investment is one of the most effective tools in the fight against poverty and unemployment. It is measured as the inward stock percentage of GDP.
The main determinants are openness to trade and political stability in the study. The results show that FDI stimulates the economic growth but growth does not attract the foreign direct investment. In fact the openness trade and political stability are the significant determinants.
Yousaf (2008) Analyses of more than 3 decades reveal that FDI has positive relation with imports in short & long-run where as relationship with exports is negative in short & positive in the long-run. FDI is an economic influencer of economy of a country specially developing countries experience accelerated GDP when successful in attracting FDI as in case of Pakistan.
For growing economies, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has momentous advantages over equity and debt capital flows. Most of the foreign firms that start their conduct of business in other countries, they not only come with capital but transfer modern technology, promote human capital by training the host country’s employees according to the change of technology to those countries, and this is the key for the development of the host country.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to the investment made by an investor from a country to buy controlling shares of a business in another country. When an investor buys stocks and bonds in a country, it is referred to as portfolio investment. Unlike other passive investments, FDI is a direct form of investment in which the investor has to have the control of the ownership. FDI is seen
The advent of globalisation has influenced the scope of economic growth for countries in a rapid manner. It has also notified that with globalisation, the business sector has been able to experience considerable benefits from international domain. The concept of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been gain huge prominences in the recent years for getting considerable benefits for the economy and overall development of a nation. The importance of FDI has been attaining huge prominences among the economic as well as business domain. FDI is one kind of investment that influences the overall economic functioning within a country. FDI is mainly accompanied by multinational companies (MNCs)
The topic of my dissertation is about the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. With the trend of economic integration, FDI has been considered as an important part of boosting the economic development within any country around the world. Foreign direct investments differ entirely from indirect investments such as portfolio management.The direct way of investing in a foreign country can be conducted in a number of ways—either by establishing overseas controlled corporations, or associate company abroad, by obtaining shares of an multinational company, or though a joint venture.
Foreign Direct Investment is the major tool of attracting International Economic Integration in any nation. It serves as a relationship between investment and saving. Many developing countries like India are facing the scarcity of savings. This crisis can be solved with the help of Foreign Direct Investment. In this paper an endeavor has been taken to analyze the trend of FDI in last 11 years and to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investment and macroeconomic factors like GDP, Exports and Foreign Exchange Reserves (FER) in India using data for a period from 2001 to 2012. This study has investigated the twin objectives viz trend of FDI and relation of FDI with macroeconomic factors viz GDP, Exports, Foreign Exchange Reserves (FER).The trend and relation between these variables has been analyzed by percentage analysis, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), and Correlation Analysis. Findings of the study indicate that FDI can be used as vehicle for growth of macroeconomic indicators of the economy.