Humanism vs. Realism with Focus of Human Figure Artwork
Middle Eastern, Egyptian and Greek Civilizations
Throughout history the human figure has been demonstrated in Middle Eastern, Egyptian and Greek sculptures and paintings. Most of these artifacts tend to focus more on humanism than realism due to Rulers and Gods, geographical areas, resources and events thus, giving them the idea for the theme of the art they create. These are the reasons that might explain their commonalities or differences in the representation of the human figure.
For example, during one of our earliest cultures, the Paleolithic period, the Women of Willendorf sculpture portrays a grossly heavy female figure representing fertility and beauty of being
…show more content…
A perfect example of this type of sculpture was the Human-Headed winged Lion called the Gate Monster which was made out of limestone, 10 feet, 2.5 inches high, a human head , five legs and body of a winged lion (Benton & DiYanni , p.13) . In comparison, of the Great Sphinx, Giza, this also has a human head and animal body therefore this doesn't represent realism either. In contrast, the (“human head represents a ruler, a Pharaoh out of sandstone and it was enormous 65 feet in height”).
In Persia, the Tribute Bearers Bringing Offerings relief sculpture, the human male figures look all alike except for their heights, head coverings and items they have brought, however their stance is not natural. In comparison, the Egyptian sculpture of Pharaoh Mycerinus and Queen Khamerernebty and the Greece sculpture Kouros, both statues pose with one leg forward and their weight is equal on both, therefore giving them the appearance that they can't move (Benton & DiYanni , p. 64). More comparisons also include the Tribute Bearers Bringing Offerings relief sculpture, their faces are not straight forward, just showing profiles much like the Egyptian wall
2
paintings Nobleman Hunting in the Marshes and Ti Watching a Hippopotamus. All of these art forms are labeled under humanism. In contrast, is the Musicians and and Dancers Egyptian wall painting where there are two women facing forward as well as
Ancient Greek art is something to be admired; the accuracy of the figures, compared to Egyptian art is commendable. The art works show great depths of emotion and detail. The “Grave stele of a little girl” is a beautiful relief of what appears to be a small child holding two birds. The forearm resembles a young child’s arm because it seems that the “baby fat” is still present, but it is strange that the face has less-childish features. The figure is in strict profile, which possibly suggests a Greek sculptor, in addition to the intricate detail and the contrapposto. Egyptian sculptors did not have
Another characteristic that Ancient Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern shared was the body being displayed in profile view. Both civilizations cherished the whole body being incorporated in the art hence why the quality of profile view is shown in both
First, humanism is visible in many paintings and sculptures from the Renaissance time period, one example of this is Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. The Mona Lisa is a very simple painting as far as what is shown, it is a woman seated in a chair and her upper torso and up is shown and she is sitting in front of a very scenic background with mountains, trees, water, and the sky. She is also dressed in very plain clothing, a brown dress. The Mona Lisa shows humanism in the fact that the painting has nothing to do or
Examining the Ancient Egyptian civilization reveals much about the nature of its art. The art was mainly religious in content and purpose and, as the “religious dogma” remained unchanged for nearly 3000 years, so did the art (Piper, 1991: 24). Because Isis and Horus are divine beings, they had to be portrayed “with limited human expression” according to “strict formal conventions, in keeping with their divinity” (Mason, 2007:13). The sculpture is fairly flat on the back side of the throne, for the sake of functionality. It was not “intended to be seen in the round”, but was most probably placed against the wall of a tomb (Ancient Egypt – Myth & History, 2002: 439). In fact, this sculpture was not made
To start at the beginning or the Canon of these works of art would be to go to the Prehistoric times. To give some background about this time, the prehistoric period was art found when people were still living in caves and just starting the first civilization of humans. According to Smarthistory.org the oldest collection of ornamentation was found in Africa and being over 82,000 years old. The sculpture I'm going to be talking about from this period is the sculpture called “Lion-Human”. The Lion Human to me looks like a tall older man with the characteristics of a lion with a long mane with a long pointed nose. The artist used expressionism to show that the man had the qualities of a man but also had the inner workings of a lion. It was probably how he
Although both of these statues are human representations , neither precisely depicts what the actual human figure looks
The statues, Heyl Aphrodite and Capitoline Gaul, both contain human-like features, but only one shows the ideal woman figure. By observing Heyl Aphrodite, viewers notice her soft, curvaceous figure. Her body is proportional creating balance and harmony. Fabric hugs the goddess’s body, draping over her right breast, while exposing the left, conveying a sense of sexuality. Her lack of eye contact expresses weakness, while her body posture, with the aid of the fabric, shows movement. Merker compares the artwork in her book, when she writes, “The raised right shoulder gives a sense of movement; although there is no torsion, one feels there ought to be and is reminded of the unstable, twisting movement of the Heyl Aphrodite in
It granted access for more depth and dimension than earlier methods. Artists began to interpret human form realistically, paying close attention to the model to capture the movements and emotions of the face and body. Women were commonly in reclining positions and draped. Men were typically nude to mirror godlike physiques. Sculptures were now sculpted from clay and then copied in marble or bronze (though very few bronze originals survived) and were no longer chiseled out of marble.
One of the main ways that the art of the Renaissance was affected by humanism was that many artists of the Renaissance began to turn away from religious themes, unlike their predecessors from the Middle Ages. Humanism was embraced by artists of the Renaissance without hesitation. When humanism spread throughout Italy and Northern Europe, there was an eager audience for the new findings of classical traditions and art. In the beginning of the Renaissance, artists used themes that were taken from Renaissance humanist beliefs and philosophies. These themes were mostly secular, and sometimes involved a slight religious aspect, but usually depicted a scene of an ordinary place. This is different from the Religious scenes that were widely used during the Middle Ages because almost
Amenhotep III was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt from around 1388 BC till about 1350 BC. During his rule of Egypt, was a period of unprecedented prosperity and artistic splendor (Wiki: Amenhotep III). The art from this time showed several gods that ancient Egyptians worshiped, such as Amun, Anubis, Aten, Ra, and many others. Most art was drawn in a way that most of the body parts were sized according to standard proportions, yet the poses were so rigid that they seem to have little sense of movement, if any at all. Many of these drawings were reliefs on walls and pottery. The art was known for its boldness and controlled vitality. Most of the architecture and sculptures were made from heavy materials, mostly stone, which helped to emphasize
inches to over five feet tall. These statues were highly abstracted representations of the human
I have chosen as the subject of my essay to contrast and compare two female statuettes from ancient cultures. The first is an ancient Egyptian statuette named The Offering Bearer which was discovered about 1920 in the tomb of Meketre in Thebes and appears to have been made around 1985 B.C.E. by an unknown. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2007). The second is an unnamed figurine commonly referred to as Statuette of A Standing Woman. This statuette, whose artist is unknown, is one of several figurines collectively called the Tanagra
When analyzing the artwork one can see the influence of what we now understand to be art form, through the numerous art elements the painting of Queen Nefertari and Isis has. Starting with lines, the artist uses many types of both regular and irregular, to create the hieroglyphics and the shape of the women along with what they wear. The ancient Egyptians liked to have things in order and consistent. We see the proof for this behind their canon of proportions method. In order to make complex figures easier to depict, the traditional style and trademark of ancient Egyptian artworks show everything drawn or carved to be two-dimensional in shape. However, they also wanted to show the aspects they valued the most as a society. As stated in the film How Art Made The World, in the case of the human body ancient Egyptian chose to show each body part from its clearest angel; and as a result of a keeping the figures 2-D, the chest is shown straight on, the face is shown in profile but the eyes were drawn straight on, the arms and hands can be
Beginning roughly around the year 1400 an era in Europe began; one that would shape the ideas and the lives of men. This era of rebirth or renaissance came within the fifteenth century through the revival of classical texts. One central effect of the Renaissance was the production of a new intellectual idea: humanism. Humanism being defined as a, “[t]erm invented in the 19th century. . . [regarding] developments relating to the revival of Classical literature and learning in European culture from roughly 1300 to 1600” left its mark on all of Europe leaving nothing untouched not even the artist. Both northern and southern art would be affected by humanism but in different ways ranging from changes in the human form, new choices of
Over the years of art history, there are many great empires that we think of and two of those were ancient Greek and Egyptian. When talking about Greek and Egyptian art history, it is the sculptures that come to mind when you are comparing and contrasting artworks. Egyptian art and Greek art both had mesmerizing sculptures but Egyptian art was more oriented towards religion and Greek art was more focused on philosophy. The Egyptian statue of the Menkaure and a Queen was similar to the Greek statue of Metropolitan Kouros in their posture but both of these statues also had many differences. Menkaure and a queen statue was created from an unusual stone and the statue was discovered in Menkaure’s valley temple. The sculpture has a hard texture and because of the time-consuming task of polishing this sculpture was never completely polished. So, the sculpture is greywacke and has traces of red paint on king’s face, ears and neck because male figures were traditionally painted red and there are traces of black in queen’s hair. The sculpture itself is 54 ½ inches in height and is displayed in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Metropolitan Kouros was created from marble which seems like it has a rough and hard texture. The statue is 6 feet in height and is displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.