How Did The CCP Stimulate The Socialist Modernization Of China?

Following World War II and three years of civil war, China was suffering and desperate for any amount of revitalization. The country lacked industrial development, was unable to control inflation, and had a population majority of “impoverished and illiterate” people with no jobs. These conditions made it much easier for Communism to rise in China. Desperate people are much more susceptible to a rise of a new power, when they’re quality of life is poor and they are suffering. The Communists were committed to putting an end to such conditions, which sounds admirable, but they way they went about doing it was not.

China has been a communist country. Despite persistent debate over an extended period of time, the question whether which Chinese government is the most responsive to its people has never been permanently settled. However, I dare to claim that Qing Dynasty was the most open and receptive to its people among several Chinese governments. Some people might contend that Republic of China, Warlords, and Chinese Communist Party were the most responsive to its people. However, a close examination throughout this essay will clearly reveal the fallacious nature of their argument. My line of reasoning will derive its support from the most fundamental sources of human wisdom and history.

China has always been renowned for being successful in the domains of science and arts, however in previous decades, China has been ravaged by famines, civil discomfort and foreign outsourcing. China was consumed by this injustice until well after the Second World War when Mao Zedong introduced Communism adapted from the U.S.S.R, and created an autocratic socialist system which imposes firm constraints upon the Chinese social, political and economic system. It wasn't until the 1980's China's following leader Deng Xiaoping who focused focused on developing China into a

On the international level, China had unfortunately found itself relatively isolated. The United States considered the Maoist government a threat to stability in the Far East, and conflicts in aims had marred the country’s relations with the Soviet Union. So, rather than

China has been a communist country since the communist revolution took place in 1949, since then China has been ruled by the dictator Mao Tse-Tung. However the Chinese dictator died in September 1976, he was hailed abroad as one of the worlds’ great leaders. Certainly one of the more impressive aspects of the Chinese communist government, has been the willingness of the people to protest against it (3, pg. 4).

For thousands of years China has operated dynastically, in a cyclic mode, causing no forward movement or linear progress. China’s ethnocentrism and isolation from Western society led to internal disorder. The isochronous nature of the Chinese feudal system eventually led to the demise of the last dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, in 1911. This vulnerability provided Western influence allowing for imperialism throughout the country. Students and intellectuals with Westernized educations saw that the political and social turmoil was attributed to a long history of rejection of anything Western. On May 4, 1919, students led a revolt, called the May Fourth Movement, against Confucian culture promoting science, democracy, and anti-imperialism. The May Fourth Movement was a period of total iconoclasm, of complete rejection of past tradition, and of absolute ratification of western ideals resulting in a literary revolution. By exploring Lu Xun’s realist writing style and Yu Dafu’s romantic writing style, the true function of literature during the May Fourth era is revealed.

To face the challenge of imperialist encroachment by the West and Japan, the Nationalist Party (Guomindang or Kuomintang) and the Chinese Communist Party compete and work to modernize and reunify China.

The Chinese Civil War was one of the most destructive conflicts in history, leading to upwards of 7 million deaths within a few decades. This conflict featured two main contenders— the Guomindang (Nationalist Party) and the Chinese Communist Party. The latter is often cited as an underdog, as this army rose from some hundred thousand to one million, prevailing in face of daunting opposition. The two parties had contrasting motivations and standings, causing them to have their own separate virtues and values. It will be argued that the CCP’s political strengths were, to a great degree, the determining factor in the outcome of the Chinese Civil War; therefore, more significant than the failings of the GMD. This essay will examine and analyze

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution can be seen primarily as Mao’s pursuit for ideological purity. However, it was the ‘revisionist’ developments in the economic, political and cultural sphere that led Mao to seek national rectification through revolution. Mao’s global outlook meant that “no revolution was an island” (Moise, 1994, p. 151), indeed from the moment Khrushchev gave the ‘secret speech’ in 1956 Mao grew increasingly vigilant and responded by turning ‘left’ in domestic and foreign policy (MacFarquhar & Schoenhals, 2008). His fear of the encroachment of revisionism on the Chinese Revolution found validation in the increasingly palpable division within party leadership on the liberalisation of economic policy from 1959-62, the issue of Sino-soviet rapprochement in response to the Vietnam war and the increasing Party allowance of anti-Maoist influences in the cultural arena. In the end, what manifest as a power struggle amongst the upper party leadership, was in Mao’s eyes, a struggle between two roads, one capitalist and the other communist (Tung, 1964). Thus, any opposition encountered by Mao was viewed with increasing suspicion for it marked a dangerous diversion from ‘true’ Marxist-Leninist ideals. It is hence in this sense of imminent crisis of counter-revolution that Mao found conviction for the need for what Baum (1971) termed ‘ideological revivalism’ in order to “immunize the Chinese population from the pernicious weed of revisionism” (p. 67).

Furthermore, the Marxist revolutionary government of Communist China dealt with Confucianism negatively. “In the early 20th century, both before and after the fall of the Qing dynasty, Confucianism was harshly criticized by the New Culture Movement. (Adler 6)” The assumption of this movement was that “virtually everything about China’s traditional culture was holding it back from becoming a modern nation-state.” In fact, Confucianism was high on the list of culprits in this “blanket rejection” of traditional China. “The New Culture Movement criticized Confucianism for its age and gender-based hierarchies, which had become quite rigid during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Communist thinkers also joined this anti-Confucian trend, so by the time of the Communist victory in 1949 Confucianism in mainland China seemed virtually dead. (Adler 7)” “After the Communists took power their anti-Confucian rhetoric only increased. In addition to their professed opposition to social hierarchies, they viewed Confucianism as a feudal ideology. (Adler 8)”

“In October 1949 Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China” (IB Packet, 60). This date marked the official beginning of the CCP’s (Chinese Communist Party) rule under a single party rule. However, one question remains: what exactly were the prominent conditions that led to this rise of the CCP under Mao Zedong? Although one could easily isolate several specific variables that aided the parties rise, such as the failure of the GMD (Nationalist Party) or even The May 4th Movement, one must look at it more broadly to understand the bigger picture of the circumstances. When looking at

After a bitter civil war (1946-1949), which faced the major Chinese parties Kuomintang and CCP, Kuomintang’s defeat, evidenced with Chiang’s and 200.000 people´s fled to Formosa, Mao Zedong (1893-1976), born in Shoshan, Hunan, proclaimed the new People´s Republic of China with himself as both Chairman of the CCP and President of the republic in October 1949. How did the under numbered and weak CCP, founded by the same person in 1921 manage to survive several extermination campaigns and re-organize the party to win the civil war, crushing opposition and establish the Chinese

In a New York Times article dated February 20th, 1997, author Patrick E. Tyler writes about a political “wizard” who put China on the road to capitalism. The Chinese “capitalist” (this is not capitalism in a western sense, but more of a communist/capitalist mix) Revolution is very significant in the study of world history; especially considering the Maoist form of government it sprang from. Notably, there is one small-statured Chinese leader who this essay will focus on in the context of the revolution: Deng Xiaoping. Although his slightness of size didn’t offer any insight into his grand political stature, an inquiry into his life certainly does. This essay will provide an informative glimpse into the life and times of Deng Xiaoping

This essay examines the acceptance of communalism in China amidst all the challenges that contributed and moulded it. These challenges include anarchism, communism and New Village Movement. After the end of World War 1 and subsequent collapse of the Qing dynasty, the May fourth era was a time when China seemed intimidated by social war resulting from inequalities of modernization and imperialism from abroad. The Chinese intellectuals were opposed to the use of force to reject globalization but rather they wanted the Chinese society to embrace modernity and study foreign ideas, for example, foreign literature, western science, religion and democracy.

In 1949 with the end of Chinese Civil War, the Communist Party took control of the mainland China. The 1st of October 1949 marked the establishment of People’s Republic of China under the leadership of Communist Party’s Chairman Mao Zedong who served as the chairman from 1949 to 1976 until his death. He was inspired by the Marxist-Leninist theories. He focused on the peasantry as well as a revolutionary face and believed that it was mainly the Communist Party that can mobilize the two with its knowledge and leadership. However his ideology was a little different from Marxist-Leninist in the sense that unlike the Marxist-Leninist theory, which sees large scale industrial development positively, Mao’s priority was large scale all