Experiment 8 Phenol Alkylation

And finally into test tube 3, I pipetted 1.0 ml turnip extract and 4.0 ml of water. The contents of test tube 1 was poured into a spectrometer tube and labeled it “B” for blank. “B” tube was now inserted it into the spectrometer. An adjustment to the control knob was made to zero the absorbance reading on the spectrometer since one cannot continue the experiment if the spectrometer is not zeroed. A combination of two people and a stop watch was now needed to not only record the time of the reaction, but to mix the reagents in a precise and accurate manner. As my partner recorded the time, I quickly poured tube 3 into tube 2. I then poured tube 2 into the experiment spectrometer tube labeled “E” and inserted it into the spectrometer. A partner then recorded the absorbance reading for every 20 seconds for a total of 120 seconds. After the experiment, a brown color in the tube should be observed to indicate the reaction was carried out. Using sterile techniques, any excess liquid left was disposed

The Purpose of this experiment is to make the observation about a Chemical system and record exactly what was seen, paying attention to details. Then to design other experiments that will allow determination of which substances that are responsible for each of either the change in temperature, production of a precipitate , production of gas, distinct odor, and color change. Pre-Lab questions : There are 4 chemicals involved in this reaction. Name Them.

The objective of this experiment is to separate a 50:50 mixture of benzoic acid and benzil by using macroscale extraction. In the experiment, organic solvent diethyl ether is used. After adding 1.0 gram of the 50:50 mixture of benzoic acid and benzil to a 25ml Erlenmeyer flask, diethyl ether was added to the flask to dissolve the mixture. Benzoic acid and benzil dissolve in diethyl ether. Once the mixture dissolved in

Procedure: In this experiment, various chemicals were mixed together, to determine a reaction. Using two drops from chemical 1 and two drops of chemical two, unless otherwise stated, then recording the type of physical reaction or color changes that occurred.

0.1 gram of commercial aspirin was weighed in a tray and was then added to a second test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test for phenols. This was repeated once more to validate results.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe a variety of chemical reactions and to identify patterns in the conversion of reactants into products.

A small beaker was placed under the arm of the distillation head to catch the distillate. Foil was wrapped around the neck of the round-bottomed flask and a wet paper towel was wrapped around the arm of the distillation head to create a condenser. The flask was heated gently so that the distillate dropped at a rate of two drops per minute. The temperature was recorded as every drop was collected. The distillation began at around 55.0 ℃. The distillation was stopped after 29 drops were collected to prevent the solution from being distilled to dryness. See attached data. The known boiling point of 1-butanol is 117.5 ℃ (Lemonds). The known boiling point of 1-propanol is 97 ℃ (Thiyagarajan). The known boiling point of acetone is 56 ℃ (Forss). The known boiling point of 2-butanone is 79.6 ℃ (Jiang). For unknown #3 the boiling point of the first substance seemed to be around 56 ℃ and the boiling point of the second substance seemed to be around 111 ℃. Therefore unknown #3 seemed to be a mixture of acetone and 1-butanol.

A pre-weighed (0.315g) mixture of Carboxylic acid, a phenol, and neutral substance was placed into a reaction tube (tube 1). tert-Butyl methyl ether (2ml) was added to the tube and the solid mixture was dissolved. Next, 1 ml of saturated NaHCO3 solution was added to the tube and the contents were mixed separating the contents into three layers. Once this was completed

Chemical synthesis is an imperative technique most relevant to organic chemists. Synthesis employs a succession of chemical reactions by using pre-existing structures to make new and functional ones. A combination of lab techniques could be developed in order to synthesize and attain the desired product. This particular experiment calls for the use for reflux, extraction, recrystallization, infrared spectroscopy, and melting point analysis. The overall objective of this lab is to utilize these steps to synthesize acetaminophen from p-aminophenol and characterize it .

In conclusion, this lab was successful in quantitative transfer and dilution although the final molarity might be slightly less than the calculated molarity. Therefore, to ensure the accuracy of the molarity in the final solution, techniques utilizing UV-Vis or conductivity measurement to determine the concentration of a colored or colorless solution need to be studied.

First we built the model lifts, which involves attaching the top of another syringe's piston to the back of a metal plate with epoxy and then connecting the master syringe to the slave syringe with tubing.

This experiments was performed in three parts. In Part 1, the organic solution was separated from the aqueous solution. First approximately 0.300 grams of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, p-tert-butylbenzoic acid and p-tert-butylphenol was weighed and and placed in a 100-mL beaker with 25 mL of Et2O. Then, the solution was quantitatively transferred a 125 mL separatory funnel and added 10 mL of 0.5 M NaHCO3. The solution was shaken and vent until there was no CO2 being formed. The aqueous layers was drained into a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Additionally, the organic layer was washed with 0.5 M NaHCO3 two more times and combined with the other aqueous solution. The organic layer was washed again with 10.0 mL of DI water and combined with the other aqueous

The purpose of the introductory activity was to analyze the pH of a mixture of a strong base and weak acid. The purpose of the guided-inquiry lab was to analyze the concentration of sodium carbonate by titrating the substance using a nitic acid solution. Introductory Activity 5 mL of both 0.2 M ammonia and 0.1 M acetic acid were placed in separate test tubes and their pH was determined with pH paper. A mixture was created by pouring both together and its final pH was recorded. The strength of the acid and base was determined and whether the two had equal concentration.

P-aminophenol on diazotization gives diazonium salt. When 3-pentadecynyl phenol dissolved in chilled solution of KOH in methanol was added dropwise in diazonium salt solution gives red dye (Yield 80 %). Thus HPPDP have been synthesized as shown in Fig.10. Further, HPPDP dissolved in DMF as solvent followed by reaction with 1, 6- diisocynato hexane (HDI) to synthesize polyurethane.Changqing Fu et al. [62] has synthesized the polyurethane from aromatic cardanol (industrial grade) based polyol by using thiol–ene coupling (shown in Fig.9). The resulting polyols were then polymerised with Hexamethylene diisocynate (HDI) to produce the corresponding bio-based polyurethane. Thiol-ene chemistry, for synthesis of cardanol based polyol can be used to

In this lab, a titration was performed in order to calculate find the concentration of hydrochloric acid. In the first part of the lab, the hydrochloric acid was then titrated with sodium hydroxide to obtain the concentration of the hydrochloric acid. In the second part of the lab, a base and/or antacid was over titrated with hydrochloric acid. It was then back-titrated using sodium hydroxide solution to determine how much hydrochloric acid was needed to neutralize the titration. Throughout the first exercise, the neutralization reaction was performed using both NaOH and HCl. The known concentration of NaOH from lab 15 was then used again and titrated it into the HCl. This formed water and sodium chloride. The known concentration of the NaOH and volume is used to determine the concentration of the HCl. The indicator was phenolphthalein and it was used to titrate sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid to their equivalence point, which was indicated with a pink color change. In the second part, a sample was collected in an Erlenmeyer flask and was then titrated with a buret. The second part of the lab was used to observe the pH of an antacid tablet. an antacid solution was created by crushing antacids in with an HCl solution and added methyl orange. The methyl orange is used as an indicator where acids are titrated into a basic solution. The HCl that was used in the buret had a known concentration, so we were able to use the volume of the known concentration HCl solution to