Essay On DNA Protein

Transcription is the formation of an RNA strand from a DNA template within the nucleus of a cell. There are four nucleotides of DNA. These are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. These nucleotides are transcribed to form messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) consisting of nucleotides made of adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil. This transcription from DNA to mRNA happens by an RNA polymerase II. This newly created mRNA is read in the 5' to 3' direction in sets of 3. These sets are called codons. Each mRNA also has a cap and end. On the 5 prime side is a methylated guanine triphosphate and on the 3 prime is a poly A tail. Messenger RNA then moves to the cells cytoplasm and through the cells ribosomes for translation. Messenger RNA is matched to molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the ribosomes to create amino acids. These amino acids subsequently form an amino acid chain. (Osuri, 2003) A visual representation of this can been viewed in figure 3.

1) DNA programs protein production in the cytoplasm by transferring its coded information to a molecule called RNA (mRNA). The RNA then carries the order to build this type of protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Each human being has something called DNA. DNA is described as genetics and an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms. DNA constructs of two nucleotide strands coiled around each other in a ladder like arrangement with the sidepieces composed of alternating phosphate and deoxyribose units and the rungs composed of the purine and pyrimidine bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Each chromosome consist of one continuous thread-like molecule of DNA coiled tightly around proteins and contains a portion of the 6,400,000,000 basepairs that make up your DNA.

3. What needs to land on the pink part in order for the gene to be expressed? RNA Polymerase

Transcription is a process in which genetic information from DNA is encoded onto messenger RNA, by unwinding the DNA and splicing exons and introns and coding them onto the mRNA so the DNA itself is not used directly. Translation is a process by which ribosomes reads the mRNA to determine the amino acid sequence of the protein.

wonder what exactly is DNA? DNA is a term used for deoxyribonucleic acid and it

Transcription is the process of using DNA to make template RNA strain. RNA polymerase is one the most important enzyme for transcription which happens inside of the nucleus. This enzyme binds to DNA by a promoter and unwinds DNA into 2 separate strands such as template strand and coding strand. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, copying one strand into a molecule of RNA. The enzyme is transcribed until it hits a stop codon, then the RNA strand releases from the DNA and the transcription ends.

It provides a base triplet, a sequence of three bases on one of the strands of DNA, that code for one amino acid. The sequence of base triplets on DNA molecules determines the order of the amino acids on the protein chain. In the first phase of transcription, the first process of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleolus, a portion of a DNA molecule unwinds and serves as a template. Free nucleotides floating in the nucleoplasm pair up with their complimentary bases on the DNA strand.

At the end of this unit, students will be able to use the terms DNA, RNA, protein, and nucleotide when it comes to protein synthesis. They will be able to explain how transcription and translation are processes of protein synthesis. They will be able to use genetic code table to translate an RNA sequence into an amino acid sequence. Students will be able to demonstrate their understanding of the Central Dogma. They will be able to describe the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication. They will be able to explain how a change in the DNA sequence code can alter protein function.

Leah Romero 04/25/2018 Lab Report Chem. 102L In lab 12, DNA Replication, RNA Transcription, and Protein Synthesis, the main purpose was to be able to understand the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules as the way DNA replication is created. There were several different models done to understand transcription, translation, and protein synthesis.

Proteins serve a myriad of functions whether within or outside of the cells. These functions include structural roles (cytoskeleton), transport of

All living organisms, from amoebas to humans, have a molecular code called DNA in their cells, which instruct the activities that keep the organism alive. DNA is made up of long, twisted strands of four molecular “letters” (A, T, G, and C), which pair up according to their complementary base pairs, and their order determines how proteins — the vital molecules that perform all the major tasks in our cells — are made. (Refer to Diagram 1 to help sum up the concept.)

One of the fundamental discoveries of the 20th century was that DNA was the genetic code’s physical structure (Watson & Crick, 1953) and, since then, many studies have disclosed the complicated pattern of regulation and expression of genes, which involve RNA synthesis and its subsequent translation into proteins.

Transcription is where DNA is transcribed into RNA which then can be pass to the ribosome’s to act as a template for protein synthesis. Before transcription can begin DNA must unwind and the two halves of the molecule much come apart so exposing the base sequence. This process begins when a region of a two DNA strands is unzipped by enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA molecule at the imitation site.

The second stage of the process is complementary base pairing. In this stage, new complementary nucleotides are positioned following the rules of complementary base pairing: adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C). Then, the binding of free nucleotide with complementary bases is catalyzed by DNA polymerase.