Different Temperatures On Fungal And Bacterial Amylase

The use of multiple test tubes and Parafilm was used for each experiment. Catechol, potato juice, pH 7 phosphate buffer, and stock potato extract 1:1 will be used to conduct the following experiments: temperature effect on enzyme activity, the effect of pH on enzyme action, the effect of enzyme concentration, and the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. For the temperature effect on enzyme activity, three test tube were filled with three ml of pH 7 phosphate buffer and each test tube was labels 1.5 degrees Celsius, 20 °C, and 60 °C. The first test tube was placed in an ice-water bath, the second test tube was left at room temperature, and the third test tube was placed in approximately 60°C of warm water. After filling the test tubes with three ml of the

Amylase experiment # 2 was done to see how the pH affected the efficacy of the enzyme. First we collected all of the materials that were necessary to make this experiment. We needed five clean test tubes, the following standard solutions, 1% Starch Solution pH 3,1% Starch Solution pH 5,1% Starch Solution pH 7,1% Starch Solution pH 9,1% Starch Solution pH 11

These results show how temperature of extreme high, or low affects enzyme activity. The highest rate of enzyme activity occurred at 37 Cº. Anything that was hotter or cold than 37 Cº slowed the reaction rate. As I thought, 100 degrees would denature the enzyme, and that was the case. The data provided shows exactly what temperatures enzymes work best, and worst. The objective was achieved as we discovered the different reaction rates under different temperatures. The results are reliable, as we know enzymes do not work well when under extreme heat or denaturation occurs. What I learned in this experiment was that enzymes don’t work well under cold temperatures because they tend to move slower. My hypothesis did not quite match, because I thought they work best at lower temperatures.

The optimal temperature of Bacillus lichenformis bacterial amylase and Aspergillus oryzae fungal is determined by mixing a starch solution into the bacterial and fungal amylases that are put in four different temperatures (0, 20, 55, 85 degrees Celsius). Then after every two-minutes, ending at the ten-minute mark, a small sample of the starch-amylase mixture is put into a well with a couple drops of iodine to help show the change in starch. This was done because when iodine is exposed to starch it changes color. Based on the color chart given in our lab manuals, the reaction of the amylase to the starch solution will give the starch-amylase mixture in the iodine a yellow color to signify if the presence of solely iodine and/or little starch depending on temperature. This means that the amylase broke down the starch solution because its temperature was optimal. Majority of the results came out black or dark brown therefore the amylase wasn’t put in the proper temperature to break down the starch solution at a faster pace. The temperature that seemed most optimal was at 55 degrees Celsius for both fungal and bacterial because it showed a more brown to yellowish color when put into the iodine. That showed that the amylase was able to break down the starch at a faster rate because it was working at its optimal temperature.

The purpose of this experiment was to determine (1) the reaction rate of an amylase enzyme in starch and (2) the environmental factors that can affect the enzymatic activity. The hypothesis, in relation to the enzymatic activity by variables such as the substrate concentrations, temperature, PH and chemical interactions on the rate of reaction, stated

The purpose of this experiment was to record catalase enzyme activity with different temperatures and substrate concentrations. It was hypothesized that, until all active sites were bound, as the substrate concentration increased, the reaction rate would increase. The first experiment consisted of five different substrate concentrations, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0% H2O2. The second experiment was completed using 0.8% substrate concentration and four different temperatures of enzymes ranging from cold to boiled. It was hypothesized that as the temperature increased, the reaction rate would increase. This would occur until the enzyme was denatured. The results from the two experiments show that the more substrate concentration,

amylase enzyme and the optimal temperature for fungal and bacterial amylase. In order to make

Effect of varying Temperatures on Enzymatic Activity of Bacterial and Fungal Amylase and hydrolysis of Starch

Enzymes are high molecular weight molecules and are proteins in nature. Enzymes work as catalysts in biochemical reactions in living organisms. Enzyme Catecholase is found on in plants, animals as well as fungi and is responsible for the darkening of different fruits. In most cases enzymatic activities are influenced by a number of factors, among them is temperature, PH, enzyme concentration as well as substrate concentration (Silverthorn, 2004). In this experiment enzyme catecholase was used to investigate the effects of PH and enzyme concentration on it rate of reaction. A pH buffer was used to control the PH, potato juice was used as the substrate and water was used as a solvent.

The effects of temperature on fungal amylase Aspergillus oryzae, and bacterial amylase, Bacillus licheniformis ability to break down starch into maltose was studied. The study determined the optimal temperature the Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus licheniformis was able to break down the fastest. The starch catalysis was monitored by an Iodine test, a substance that turns blue-black in the presence of starch. Amylase catabolizes starch polymers into smaller subunits. Most organisms use the saccharide as a food source and to store energy (Lab Manual, 51). The test tubes were labeled with a different temperature (0°C, 25°C, 55°C, 85°C). Each test tube was placed in its respective water baths for five minutes. After the equilibration process, starch was placed in the first row of the first row of the spot plate. Iodine was then added to the row revealing a blue black color. The starch was then added to the amylase. After every two minute section a pipette was used to transfer the starch-amylase solution to place three drops of the solution into the spot plate row under the corresponding temperature. Iodine drops was placed in the row. Color changes were noted and recorded. The results showed Aspergillus oryzae was found to have an optimal temperature between 25°C and 55°C and Bacillus licheniformis was found to have an

Enzymes are catalysts that regulate the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. By lowering the activation energy, they can increase the rate of reactions. Enzyme amylases such as Bacillus Licheniformis and Aspergillus Oryzae split starch polymers into smaller subunits called monomers. The lab displayed how divergent temperatures affect the activity of the enzyme amylase and reveal the optimal temperature for the fungal and bacteria amylase. To set up the experiment, eight test tubes are necessary. Four of the test tubes will be labeled for the bacteria and the remaining four will be labeled fungi. Each test tube will be labeled for a specific temperature (0⁰, 25⁰, 55⁰, 85⁰ Celsius) and another 4 for the starch solution. Two spot plates are required which will be used to record and analyze each reaction every two minutes by adding iodine to the well of the spot plate. After gathering the information you will need to determine what color represents the greatest reaction can be determined by the color (Black – Yellow). It is important to collect and compare every group’s data in order to obtain accurate results. After going over all the results, one can conclude that the best temperature for the reaction to occur in this solution is at 55⁰ Celsius which would be the enzyme’s optimal level. Knowing what temperature works best for enzymes allows for a faster and more efficient use of these reactions. Without enzymes, the reactions would be too slow to keep the cells

In this experiment we wanted to determine the optimal temperatures for fungal, Aspergillus oryzae, and bacterial, Bacillus licheniformis. In order to see if any of the starch was broken down, Iodine was mixed with the starch-amylase substance. In four spot plates, the groups labeled the different temperatures, once the iodine came in contact with the starch, the result would be a reaction that turns the fluid into this dark blue/black color. In a span of 10 minutes, with occasional check ups on the solution every 2 minutes, the amylase-starch solution was placed into five types of temperature, all being Celsius. The five temperatures were 0 degrees, 25 degrees, 55 degrees, and 85 degrees Celsius. The solution would change colors, so in order to measure the changes, a scale was used. Such scale was a 1-5 scale, with colors next to each number. One being the lightest color, or yellow, and 5 being the darkest color, or black. Based on the change of color, we could tell how fast it hydrolyzed the starch in a span of 10 minutes. To keep record of the results, the results were put in Data Tables used from the Lab Manual. The average optimal temperature for Bacteria Amylase was 85 degrees Celsius, while the Fungal was 55 degrees Celsius. You can see this by looking for the

To find the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme, the experiment deals with the steps as follows. First, 3 mL if pH 7 phosphate buffer was used to fill three different test tubes that were labeled 10, 24, and 50. These three test tubes were set in three different temperature settings. The first test tube was placed in an ice-water bath for ten minutes until it reached a temperature of 2° C or less. The second tube’s temperature setting was at room temperature until a temperature of 21°C was reached. The third tube was placed in a beaker of warm-water until the contents of the beaker reached a temperature setting of 60° C. There were four more test tubes that were included in the procedure. Two of the test tubes contained potato juice were one was put in ice and the other was placed in warm-water. The other two test tubes contained catechol. One test tube was put in ice and the other in warm water. After

In this lab our group observed the role of pancreatic amylase in the digestion of starch and the optimum temperature and pH that affects this enzyme. Enzymes are located inside of cells that increase the rate of a chemical reaction (Cooper, 2000). Most enzymes function in a narrow range of pH between 5 through 9 (Won-Park, Zipp, 2000). The temperature for which enzymes can function is limited as well ranging from 0 degrees Celsius (melting point) to 100 degrees Celsius (boiling point)(Won-Park, Zipp, 2000). When the temperature varies in range it can affect the enzyme either by affecting the constant of the reaction rate or by thermal denturization of the particular enzyme (Won-Park, Zipp, 2000). In this lab in particular the enzyme, which was of concern, was pancreatic amylase. This type of amylase comes from and is secreted from the pancreas to digest starch to break it down into a more simple form called maltose. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides of glucose. The presence of glucose in our experiment can be identified by Benedicts solution, which shows that the reducing of sugars has taken place. If positive the solution will turn into a murky reddish color, where if it is negative it will stay clear in our reaction. We can also test if no reduction of sugars takes place by an iodine test. If starch is present the test will show a dark black color (Ophardt, 2003).

In this lab we looked at the role of pancreatic amylase in the digestion of starch and the effect that temperature and pH has on this enzyme. Enzyme’s work as catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions within cells (Cooper, 2000). In order to do this, enzymes must show two essential properties: these two fundamental properties of enzymes include increasing the rate of chemical reactions without being eternally altered by the reaction and accelerating the reaction rate with keeping the reactants and products in chemical equilibrium (Cooper, 2000). Enzymatic catalysis is necessary for life. Most biochemical reactions would not occur under the mild temperatures and pressures