Scott McWhirter
English 101 Section 043
Professor Hayes
March 31, 2011
Bitzer’s “The Rhetorical Situation” “Penguin responses to climate change in the Southern Ocean” by Jaume Forcada and Philip N. Trathan (2009) was a study conducted to analyze and predict the migrating patterns of different species of penguins due to changes in climate. (p. 1618) Also, Forcada and Trathan investigate whether or not certain species of penguins possess phenotypic plasticity (the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment) (p. 1618). In order to properly conduct a textual analysis of this article, Lloyd Bitzer’s “The Rhetorical Situation” will be consulted. This rhetorical model consists of three
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Although the authors of this article regularly use a multitude of sources, data, and statistics to support their hypothesis, there are several (not all) which seem to be overly used and randomly cited. This may serve as a constraint to the audience because if the information presented does not seem to be entirely relevant, it may be a painless assumption for the audience that the issue at hand is not an incredibly urgent one, but instead, a rhetoric discoursed just for the sake of rhetoric. Also, the overwhelming wealth of information shown may serve as a distraction from the simple fact the rhetoric is trying to convey: penguins are affected by climate change; in result, penguins affect the environment. The information does not, however, prove to be faulty, but each piece of data seems to be calculated accurately. For example, a table is provided that names each species of penguin, the threats against them, and their resulting response to that threat. This makes it very clear whether each species has the ability to adapt, or if the climate change has just caused them to disperse. Also, each piece of data is affiliated with a source, which increases the audience’s opinion of the writer’s character.
Another aspect of the research that does seem to constrain the author’s point of view, however, is the fact that no actual experiment was conducted by F & T.
The author has used the concept of rhetoric questions, which intrigues the mind of the reader
Nevertheless, discourse plays a crucial role in the rhetorical analysis process, as Grant Davie explains, the process goes from establishing the subject to identifying where discourse comes from and finally evaluating its importance and point. Moreover, the chamber of commerce is trying to get primarily affluent individuals to move down to Winter Park, Florida. Moreover, to persuade them that living in Winter Park is everyone’s stereotypical American
A rhetorical analysis assignment is to see how an author tries to present his work to a certain group of people. There is present certain meaning in all the texts and it is up to the author to communicate it in the required way. The purpose of this assignment was to review the article and see how the author made use of different strategies. It appears that a major aim that the author had was trying to convince the readers about revenue based financing. The author made use of several strategies as they will be discussed further down. There are many examples of rhetorical writing strategies that an author can use to make the writing all the more powerful. There is a very crucial reason why writers actually go for this sort of writing. The simplest answer would be to have their writing be more powerful and effective on the reader. The document that will be analyzed today is an n article written by Verne Kopytoff. The title of writing basically talks about how revenue-based financing is a good solution for business. The title itself sheds positive light on the article and states that the better the business does, the faster you will pay. The author of the article is Verne Kopytoff who is a technology journalist. He is alum of the San Francisco Chronicle and the New York Times. The article was written on February 05 2013.
Dr. Esch English 111-07 October 8th, 2017 Ruff Life In the Rhetorical Situation, Lloyd F. Bitzer argues that what makes a situation rhetorical is similar to that which constitutes a moral action as he writes that, “an act is moral because it is an act performed in a situation of a certain kind; similarly, a work is rhetorical because it is a response to a situation of a certain kind”. (3) “By defining the rhetorical situation in this way, Bitzer further contends that rhetoric is a means to altering reality”. (4) “It is through the use of discourse that one is capable of changing reality through thought and action”. (4) “While Bitzer notes that there are more parameters for a situation to qualify as being rhetorical, he
This rhetorical analysis will identify the types Rhetorical Context use in both article journals. It will also explore and break down the Terminology and Content as well as other aspects.
The 1973 recording of Marlon Brando’s Oscar award rejection presented by American Indian activist Sacheen Littlefeather brought civil awareness of unfair treatment and exploitation of Native American Indians in the film industry. Marlon Brando’s bold boycott and refusal to accept the award allowed for Oscar viewers to understand the severity of the inequality situation. Lloyd Bitzer, a well-known rhetorician, defines the context or contents of a rhetorical situation and the ways to properly address an idea or concern. In his book, The Rhetorical Situation, Bitzer states, “Rhetorical discourse is called into existence by the situation; the situation which the rhetor perceives amounts to an invitation to create and present discourse (p. 9). Bitzer’s philosophy of rhetoric is categorized
Bitzer gives 7 conditions to determine if a rhetorical situation exists. Based upon Bitzer’s seven fold criteria model, Paul’s letter can be classified as a rhetorical situation. It also can be classified as a rhetorical situation because it contains an exigence, and audience and constraints, the constituents of a rhetorical situation. Paul crafts this letter in response to his situation and uses rhetoric to persuade his audience to a certain course of action.
In the writing, Buehler discusses the importance of rhetoric to technical editors. She mentions that most information on technical writing is director toward the writer rather than the editor. The writer discusses how rhetoric offers a framework for an editor to approach unique situations he or she has in his or her work. Buehler believes technical communications is “a set of situations in which rhetorical choices are made.” Buehler also discusses how the pain style of technical writing itself is a rhetorical choice. This, she says, leads many to think proper grammar is all that is needed, when the really is a variety of situations when rhetorical choices are very important.
Today, the stories and events we hear about in the corporate media come from the work of journalists, but that may be changing. Some futurists believe that human journalists will be replaced by journalist robots in charge of reporting news for the mass media. In order to successfully do this, artificial intelligence robots would have to be programmed with the software necessary to imitate human journalists. The rhetorical components that the program would have to focus on are speaker’s role, evidence, sentence structure, diction, and use of logical fallacies.
In ‘An Overview of Rhetoric’, Herrick describes rhetorical discourse as being ‘situated’. That is, it derives from what Bitzer refers to as the ‘rhetorical situation’, which he defines as the set of circumstances producing a rhetorical discourse. While this definition may seem self evident, with reference to the work of Vatz, it draws and important distinction. While Bitzer asserts that it is the rhetorical situation which produces rhetorical discourse, Vatz argues instead that it is rhetorical discourse which constructs the rhetorical situation. In other words, the rhetorical situation is a manifestation of rhetoric than rather its impetus, the implication of this then being that rhetoric becomes merely a mode of representation rather than
Rhetoric situation is a fundamental aspect of the rhetorical theory, which no person has ever attempted to explain or analyze before Bitzer (2). Bitzer defines a rhetorical situation as a mix of people, events, objects, and relations that present an exigence, which can be fixed if discourse can, “constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of the exigence” (6). He also argues that the situation comes first, which then brings the discourse into existence. In other words, a rhetorical situation always calls for some sort of verbalization and it always controls discourse (2). A rhetorical situation has three crucial components: exigence, audience, and constraints, which is demonstrated clearly at Charleston Shoe Company. Exigence is defined as a flaw that can be fixed through discourse. Not all exigences are rhetorical, though. According to Bitzer, “exigence is rhetorical when it is capable of positive modifications and when positive modifications requires discourse” (6). As seen at Charleston Shoe, the exigence is that the employees want to sell the shoes, and they must use discourse in order to do so. In addition, Bitzer defines a rhetorical audience as “those persons who are capable of being influenced by discourse and of being mediators of change” (7). The audience of the company are the customers, whom can solve the exigence by buying the shoes. Lastly, Bitzer says that constraints limit the audience’s ability to solve the exigence
The Ted Talk video “Pay Attention to Penguins” shows one example of a change that can affect populations. Global warming affected the penguin’s ecosystem by melting the ice caps and killing the penguins. Global warming caused by humans has several negative impacts such as melting ice caps, reducing land used for breeding, and decreasing food supplies for penguins. The melted ice caps will raise sea level which will make no land for mating and laying eggs. The food levels will diminish like squid, krill and fish which will affect the survival of the penguins. Another way to interpret the change is that
In The Rhetorical Situation, Lloyd F. Bitzer argues that what makes a situation rhetorical is similar to that which constitutes a moral action as he writes that, “an act is moral because it is an act performed in a situation of a certain kind; similarly, a work is rhetorical because it is a response to a situation of a certain kind”.(3) By defining the rhetorical situation in this way, Bitzer further contends that rhetoric is a means to altering reality. (4) It is through the use of discourse that one is capable of changing reality through thought and action. (4) Bitzer then elaborates upon the nature of a rhetorical situation by explaining that rhetorical discourse enters a situation when: providing a response to its state of affairs;
Towards the end of November 2014, New York Times released a staggering statistic regarding the glacial formations of the Glacier National Park, situated in the Rocky Mountains of Montana. What was once a resplendent 150 ice sheets mounted along the Canadian Cordillera just a century ago, had shrunk to a diminutive, possibly, 25 sheets. A staggering 16.6 percent of what had previously existed. Back in 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released that the levels of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, occupying the earths atmosphere have reached heights that haven't existed in at least 800,000 years. To further the exigence of reform, the IPCC had also stated that this immediate climate change was indeed the result of human behavior. This statistical information confounded me, bringing to mind the degree of revision in lifestyle and deforestation that must be duly addressed as a nation. Sea animals are directly affected as a result of human negligence regarding Global Climate change. Sea turtle eggs face a parlous predicament with the rising sand temperatures, exceeding the optimal 34 degrees Celsius, required for standard incubation. Animals and humans alike are promptly affected by the rise of Global Climate Change.
My picture book “Adventures of Pengy” follows a baby penguin as he goes on an adventure to find his parents. The picture book connects with science by raising awareness to the effects of ‘climate change’, which is an important issue in creating a truly sustainable future. The impacts of climate change are explored when Pengy’s iceberg separates from the mainland where his parents are and his adventures begin. Due to this, global warming plays a significant role into the way the story is structured.