1. A patient with poorly controlled Type I diabetes has blood drawn and finds that the pH of his blood is 7.1. The normal pH of blood is 7.4. The patient's blood [H+] is A) one fourth normal B) one third normal C) half normal D) twice normal E) three times normal 2. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: A) allows the graphic determination of the molecular weight of a weak acid from its pH alone. B) does not explain the behavior of di- or tri-basic weak acids C) employs the same value for pKa for all weak acids. D) is equally useful with solutions of acetic acid and of hydrochloric acid. E) relates the pH of a solution to the pKa and the concentrations of the conjugate acid/base pair. 3. A …show more content…
Which one of the following statements is correct? A) the -helix can be composed of more than one polypeptide chain B) -sheets exist only in the anti-parallel form C) -bends often contain proline D) interactions between subunits are a type of secondary structure E) the -helix is stabilized primarily by ionic interactions between the side chains of amino acids 18. An amino acid with a carboxyamide functional group is A) Glutamine B) Aspartate C) Arginine D) Lysine E) all 20 amino acids have a carboxyamide functional group 19. For the peptide Ala-Arg-Lys-Ala-Asn-Ser-Ala-Ser, what would be the expected charges at pH 1, 7, and 13? A) +3, +3, 0 B) +2, +2, -1 C) +3, +2, -1 D) -1, +2, +2 E) 0, +3, +2 20. A reaction has an equilibrium constant, Keq, of 50. When performed in the presence of an appropriate enzyme, the forward rate of reaction is increased 20-fold. What will happen to the reverse rate of reaction? A) It will be unaffected B) It will increase 20-fold C) It will decrease 20-fold D) It will increase 50-fold E) It will increase 50-fold 21. There are six variant forms of an enzyme; one is normal and five are mutant. The normal enzyme has glutamine at amino acid position 150, which is on the protein surface. Each mutant form has an amino acid substitution at position 150 as indicated. Which mutant form is most likely to have an increase
As the temperature increases, so will the rate of enzyme reaction. However, as the temperature exceeds the optimum the rate of reaction will decrease.
Background and Introduction: Enzymes are proteins that process substrates, which is the chemical molecule that enzymes work on to make products. Enzyme purpose is to increase the rate of activity and speed up chemical reaction in a form of biological catalysts. The enzymes specialize in lowering the activation energy to start the process. Enzymes are very specific in their process, each substrate is designed to fit with a specific substrate and the enzyme and substrate link at the active site. The binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme is a very specific interaction. Active sites are clefts or grooves on the surface of an enzyme, usually composed of amino acids from different parts of the polypeptide chain that are brought together in the tertiary structure of the folded protein. Substrates initially bind to the active site by noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. Once a substrate is bound to the active site of an enzyme, multiple mechanisms can accelerate its conversion to the product of the reaction. But sometimes, these enzymes fail or succeed to increase the rate of action because of various factors that limit the action. These factors can be known as temperature, acidity levels (pH), enzyme and/or substrate concentration, etc. In this experiment, it will be tested how much of an effect
|(2 marks) | |c. |State two symptoms that may have led the veterinarian to suspect that George was suffering from a thyroid hormone |
3. State the name and structure of the functional group for each type of biologically
1. Describe the function of the following pieces of safety equipment and how each might be used: (10 points)
Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP
3) Adding less enzyme caused the reaction to proceed more slowly than when more enzyme was utilized.
Box on right illustrates the peptide bond resulting from the condensation of both the amino acids. The box on the left illustrates the separation of the hydroxide group from glycine and the hydrogen atom from valine.
Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. To understand the structure and function of multipolar neuron,unipolar and bipolar neurons. Also to identify the structures of a nerve. There are no safety concerns for this lab.
Enzymes have an ideal range of values for any of the variables, or optimal conditions, in this experiment. When these optimal conditions are
The null hypothesis for the first experiment was that substrate concentration would have no effect on the reaction rate. It was hypothesized that the reaction rate would increase with rising substrate concentrations, until all active sites were bound. The null hypothesis for the second experiment was that temperature would not have an effect on reaction rates. It was hypothesized that until the enzyme is denatured, as temperature increased, so would the reaction rate.
Changes in pH also alter an enzyme’s shape. Different enzymes work best at different pH values. The optimum pH for an enzyme depends on where it normally works. For example, intestinal enzymes have an optimum pH of about 7.5 whereas enzymes in the stomach have an optimum pH of about 2.
However, the rate of reaction only increases for a certain period of time until there is lesser substrate molecules than the enzyme molecules. The increase of enzyme concentration does not have effect if there are lesser substrate molecules than enzyme molecules initially.
In this experiment different pH levels ranging from 3 to 11 were used to test the effects on daphnia heart rate. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH ranging from 0 to 6 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH higher than 7 ranging from 8 to 14 is basic. PH revolves around hydrogen ions (H+). The reason pH levels can be acidic, basic, or neutral is because acids give hydrogen ions away while bases accept hydrogen ions. (Decelles, 2002).
What level of [H+] was present in the urine at each of these PCO2/pH levels? Pco2- 35/ H+ normal, Pco2-30/ H+ decreased, Pco2-20/H+ decreased