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Ap Human Geography Chapter 13 Outline

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1 Sarah Seng Geography 110 Chapter 13 Summary April 23, 2018 This chapter helps to define some elements that may represent a city. For example, when standing in New York, if you look up, you can most likely see the Empire State building from anywhere in the city and instantly know you are in New York City. As cities grew over time, several terms were adopted to describe the various parts of the city, including: central city, urban area, and metropolitan area. These categories were further divided into many sub- categories. Downtown became the common term used to define the area of the city where the central business district was centered ? the place where everything went on in the city such as entertainment, sports, shopping, parks, etc. Often in the …show more content…

These areas often had very little residents and many businesses. To conserve space, skyscrapers were common. Three models were used to best describe urban settings; concentric zone model, sector model and multiple nuclei model. The first model was created by sociologist E.W. Burgess and states that ?a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings, like the growth rings of a tree.? As with trees, the size of these rings might vary from city to city. Under the second model, created by economist Homer Hoyt, ?a city develops in a series of sectors.? People flock to certain areas of the city that are more attractive and parks/recreational areas are set up here. As the city continues to grow bigger, people branch out from this original central location outwards in the shape of a wedge (sector). Under the third model, created by 2 geographers C.D. Harris and E.L. Ullman, ?a city is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve ? for example, a port, a neighborhood business center, a university, an airport, and a

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