Ap Biology Unit 5 Exercise 1

1. An understanding of chemistry is important for an understanding of biology because biology needs the models of chemistry to better describe life.

Calculate the stroke volume of Suzie’s heart, and compare it to that of a normal individual.

* Relaxes the muscles – enables the therapist to work on the muscles without causing discomfort to the client

At the latter end of the p-q interval, atrial contraction occurs forcing additional blood into the ventricles. At the beginning of the QRS interval on an ECG reading, the mitral valve closes and the ventricles are at EDV (135ml). During the QRS interval, ventricular contraction occurs increasing the pressure in the ventricle and the aorta. When the pressure continues in the ventricle exceeds the pressure in the arteries, the aortic valve opens and blood is ejected. The increased pressure continues through the t peak. The ventricles are now in ESV (65ml) and the aortic valve is closed. Now the ventricles are relaxed causing pressure to fall and the cardiac cycle starts over again. This ECG reading was from a normal tracing. Keep in mind that an ECV is easy to obtain, but there are some subtleties that are very complex.

How does venous return increase stroke volume? increase venous return to heart leads increase filling of ventricle of heart this increased filling by starling law leads more forceful contraction so stroke volume ie amount of blood ejected by single heart beat increases

1. These enzymes are used by the sperm to create an opening in the corona radiata, zona pellucida, and plasma membrane of the oocyte for the sperm to pass through

Biology 102 introduces students to the concept of evolution, the principles of evolution, natural selection, and major kingdoms of living things organisms. My major is nursing and taking this course is a prerequisite and is required for my major. Taking Biology courses will help me be better knowledgeable in my chosen field. I took biology 101 last semester and we learned about cell and organisms. These are fundamentals things that someone who plans to have a career in the healthcare field needs to know. Also these courses are prerequisites for other science courses I have to take such as microbiology, human anatomy and physiology. As a future nurse these are information that will come in handy everyday. I have three years left in my undergraduate study and more

|(2 marks) | |c. |State two symptoms that may have led the veterinarian to suspect that George was suffering from a thyroid hormone |

3. State the name and structure of the functional group for each type of biologically

7)a) You would do the Benedict’s reagent test for simple sugars and the Lugol’s solution or Iodine test for polysaccharides and starch. To test the lipids you would use the Sudan iV test and Biurets reagent test for protein.

Then his spine went limp and nerveless and he lost all sense of balance. he started going into shock. He then started throwing up an incredible amount of blood from his stomach and spilt it on to the floor.

* Palindromic: cut at the same base sequence on each strand, but in the opposite direction

Q1. In 1944, at the beginning of his book What is Life, the great physicist Erwin Schrodinger asked the following question: “How can the events in time and space which take place within the spatial boundary of a living organism be accounted for by physics and chemistry?" What would be your answer today?

The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart and into the body from the left ventricle during each contraction and is measured in millilitres per beat. When the heart is resting stroke volume is at a normal pace. When the heart rate starts to increase stroke volume has to become faster and pump more blood out of the heart