African American Women During The Civil Rights Era

At the height of the Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968), women played a big part in not only keeping the crusade alive, but also played a big part in energizing the masses to continue the long and arduous struggle against the seemingly impenetrable institutions of power which disenfranchised African-Americans and regarded their humanity as nothing more than mere pieces of property owned by others. Women like Coretta Scott King, Fannie Lou Hamer, Ella Baker, Septima Clark and countless mothers, sisters, and daughters proved to be important

Back in the nineteenth century men and women were not treated equally as they are now. Women did not have as much freedom as the men did and that caused a national movement. Not only were the women segregated from the men, but the discrimination against the African American race was a huge ordeal as well. With both movements combined, it led to a controversial development at that time. Not only were women fighting for equality, they were also fighting for the prejudice to end amongst the different races. The beginning of the Women’s Rights Movement and the Abolitionist Movement was not only a historic development, but it changed the world forever.

The Civil Rights Movement during the 1960’s aimed at the equal opportunities for blacks. The blacks not only wanted political freedom, but also hoped to gain social freedom as well. On top of that, blacks wanted to end segregation. The Civil Rights Movement involved many events that would later lead to equality and freedom, the goal for the blacks.

Women made substantial progress during this era, but African Americans were severely limited in their fight for civil rights. The black population saw little to no advancement in their fight for civil rights, as progressives were known to share the prejudices of the time and considered other reform movements more important and beneficial to society. A leader in the African American community, W.E.B. Dubois pointed out in The Crisis that progressive reforms had failed short in its ideals for civil rights equality, as blacks were still oppressed and segregated. (DOC I) Black men were being drafted into war and serving gladly for their country, yet only saw further segregation under the Wilson presidency. However, the women’s rights movement was a powerful and the driving force of the progressive era. The phrase “New Women” was created to describe the young, college educated women who were pursuing careers and looking for equality. It was primarily middle class women who drove the reforms of this time, and it was through groups such as The National American Women Suffrage Association and the National Women’s Party that they fought for equal rights, like the right to vote.

Females across the nation started speaking out against gender inequality. Discrimination in areas such as the workplace, marriage, and government had become overwhelmingly obvious and women started fighting back (Banks 207). This uprising coincided with the Civil Rights Movement. During the same time, African-Americans were standing up against segregation and for racial equality. These two movements went hand-in-hand, as they both had similar motives. Both women and blacks were fighting against oppression in their own country, and they benefitted from each other’s successes. But it wasn’t strictly these two minority groups standing up for themselves during this time, as Mexicans and Native Americans joined the cause too. They also spoke out against inequality by hosting similar protests and demonstrations as the black and women’s rallies. This showed how the 1960’s were a popular time for minority groups to take a stand and make their voices heard, and women were only one of the many groups of people who rallied for change during that time.

The most common ways women of different ethnicities were held back were by being barred from certain jobs. Black, and Latina women were not allowed to work in the southern textile industry, or hold a secretarial job like many white women did. Instead they were forced to become maids, and laundresses. (Schaller 594) Another example of the lack of improvement for women in minorities is the percentage of young Italian girls who were withdrawn from school, in order for them to help support their family. Roughly 90% left school at the age of 14 to find work. (Schaller 629) Even though white women were steadily making progress towards equality with their own organizations, african american women did not see such immediate progress. So they decided to create their own similar groups such as the National Association of Colored Women. This group took its stance on it’s own separate set of issues such as lynching, and defending the respect of black women. (Schaller 686) Ida B. Wells, a founding member of the NAACP took the lead on the lynchings, her crusade lead her to flee the south before she eventually settled down in Chicago. She continued to receive death threats had she returned to Memphis but, she continued her campaign and ended up taking it abroad.  There she would form London’s Anti-Lynching Committee, this would causes waves all the way to Memphis, where

The civil rights movement occurred between mid- 1950s to late 1960s to achieve civil rights, equal opportunity in employment, housing, and education, as well a right to vote, and public facilities. In 1909, the NAACP had the most influence to fight for equality for colored people. Another group that believed in fighting for African American rights were the “Black Panthers” as known as the Black Power movement. The Black Panthers were an African American group that fought for African American rights.

The African American Civil Rights Movement officially “began” in 1954, but the ideas of Civil Rights had been brewing since the end of the Civil War, and even earlier. The Civil Rights Movement was centered on the idea of the equal, fair, and constitutional treatment of African Americans in the United States. The movement features some of history’s most prominent figures, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks. Throughout the movement, activists utilized protests, marches, boycotts, and strikes in attempts to change public opinion and governmental action on African Americans. The movement succeeded in overturning

Today, women and minorities have a wide variety of professions they can pursue; but it was not always that way. Before the Civil Rights Movement, women and minorities, especially black people, were bounded to a stereotypical or subservient role in society without the right to voice their opinions. Some, however, did take a stand to fight for equal rights against all odds. These people were called Civil Rights activists and many became leaders. Among the many famous pioneers such as Martin, Malcolm, and Angela, was a woman of great pride and honor – Shirley Chisholm. Chisholm was a civil rights leader who championed the causes of equal rights and fair treatment for both women and minorities through her determination, community involvement, and

The civil rights movement is one the significant historical movements in America. African-American struggled in the mid twentieth century to achieve freedom. The dream of being free seemed impossible as to reaching the unreachable star. Even though nearly ten decades after President Abraham Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation to abolish slavery in America, African-American were still suffering from racial inequality in southern states. The segregation of schools, housing, jobs, public transportation, public spaces, military service and prisons was the biggest challenge of the African-Americans. The African-American still suffered from injustice access to the basic privileges and rights of the U.S. citizenship. Although the civil right

It was not until after the second wave of feminism that women activists began to speak about their gendered experiences in the civil rights movement. The second wave of feminism gave African-American women an opportunity to speak out about

During the Civil Rights Movement it was important for African-American organizations not to demonstrate the same separatist philosophy that they were fighting against. However, the newer members of the SNCC believed that having White civil rights workers within the organization devalued the cause. The newer members believed that the White civil rights workers lacked an understanding behind the history of the cause, and was protesting for different reasons. During this time, White women in particular appeared to more naive about the danger of segregation, especially for the African-American men. The majority of the White women who came from the North during the Summer to help support the cause endangered the lives of many African-American

After World War II, the fight to end institutionalized racism in America increased. Racial segregation was found at restaurants, theaters, and other public places. Aside from racial segregation, women weren’t allowed to vote. These issues that occurred during the Reconstruction era acted as catalysts for many African Americans to stand up for their values. Among various civil rights activists, Mary Church Terrell was an early advocate for civil rights and suffrage movements.

The Civil Rights Movement had a lot going on between 1954 and 1964. While there were some successful aspects of the movement, there were some failures as well. The mixture of successes and failures led to the extension of the movement and eventually a more equal American society.

Society continues to nurture these depriving situations and demonstrate lack of concern towards black women by not celebrating them for the roles they played in the movements. Taylor (1998) asserted that, “despite the fact that the most celebrated leaders of the modern civil rights movements were men, African American women participated at every stage in the struggle for justice and equality” (239). Although black women were not in public eyes during these movements, it was their vision and organizing roles they played that helped in the progression of many liberation movements.