Chap002

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University of British Columbia *

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Statistics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Chapter 02 - Where to Start Chapter 02 Where to Start Multiple Choice Questions 1. Neda is a student researcher just starting out; which of the following is NOT a source of an idea for research? A. common assumptions B. past research C. practical problems she shares with her peers D. scientific theories Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe different sources of ideas for research, including questioning common assumptions, observations of the world, practical problems, scientific theories, and past research. Topic: 02-01 Where Do Research Ideas Come From? 2. Which of the following statements best represents a hypothesis? A. "Attractive defendants will receive lower ratings of guilt than unattractive defendants." B. "Grocery stores sell more ice cream during the summer than during the winter." C. "Amount of time spent studying and test performance are related." D. "Extraverts are more successful as sales people than are introverts." Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 02-05 Discuss how theories, research hypotheses, and predictions are related. Topic: 02-12 Developing Hypotheses and Predictions 2-1

Chapter 02 - Where to Start 3. A prediction is best represented by which of the following statements? A. "Female defendants will receive shorter prison sentences than male defendants." B. "Gender and judgments of criminal behaviour are related." C. "Ratings of social desirability vary according to gender." D. "Cats and dogs differ in their responses to loud noises." Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 02-05 Discuss how theories, research hypotheses, and predictions are related. Topic: 02-12 Developing Hypotheses and Predictions 4. Which one of the following would NOT be found in the introduction of a research report? A. A review of an existing theory relevant to the research B. A prediction about the results C. A summary of past research D. A description of how participants were selected and assigned to groups Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 02-03 Summarize what information is included in each section of a research article, including the abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references. Topic: 02-08 What to Expect in a Research Article 5. Michael Lynn's study on tipping behavior in restaurants and hotels, described in the text, was designed to determine whether factors such as posture and communication influence tips left by customers. The idea for his study was based on A. past research. B. common sense. C. a theory. D. everyday problem. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe different sources of ideas for research, including questioning common assumptions, observations of the world, practical problems, scientific theories, and past research. Topic: 02-03 Observation of the World around Us 2-2

Chapter 02 - Where to Start 6. Kris is working on a new project. Based on the research of Roger Buehler et al., Kris is _____. A. likely to overestimate how long a project will take when it involves only a few steps B. likely to underestimate how long a project will take when it involves only a few steps C. likely to overestimate how long a project will take when it involves many steps D. likely to underestimate how long a project will take when it involves many steps Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe different sources of ideas for research, including questioning common assumptions, observations of the world, practical problems, scientific theories, and past research. Topic: 02-03 Observation of the World around Us 7. Research articles formatted in APA are comprised of the following sections in which order? A. abstract, method, introduction, results, discussion, references. B. abstract, introduction, method, discussion, results, references. C. abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, references. D. abstract, method, introduction, discussion, results, references. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 02-02 Identify the two functions of a theory. Topic: 02-08 What to Expect in a Research Article 8. Which one of the following would not always be found when you search the PsycINFO abstracting system? A. Author and title of journal article B. Journal reference C. Complete article D. Brief description of contents Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 02-04 Compare and contrast different ways to find past research. Topic: 02-11 Where Are These Articles Published? An Orientation to Journals and Finding Articles 2-3

Chapter 02 - Where to Start 9. Which of the following would a researcher be least likely to do in order to find prior research on a specific topic? A. Look in the published Psychological Abstracts B. Conduct a computer search with PsycINFO C. Consult Psychological Bulletin D. Randomly select a psychological journal and search the table of contents for the topic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 02-04 Compare and contrast different ways to find past research. Topic: 02-11 Where Are These Articles Published? An Orientation to Journals and Finding Articles 10. A(n) _______ consists of a system of logical ideas proposed to explain a particular topic or phenomenon. A. hypothesis B. inquisition C. distinction D. theory Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 02-02 Identify the two functions of a theory. Topic: 02-05 Theories 11. Which one of the following statements would be appropriate for the discussion section of a research report? A. The present findings suggest that evaluation of the seriousness of an alcohol-related crash may be influenced by the severity of the injuries received by the victim. B. The participants read an account of an alcohol-related crash in which a victim received mild or severe injuries. C. Drivers who had consumed alcohol had their license suspended an average of six months compared to one month for those who had consumed coffee. D. The average age of participants was 18.7 years. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective: 02-02 Identify the two functions of a theory. Topic: 02-08 What to Expect in a Research Article 2-4

Chapter 02 - Where to Start 2-5

Chapter 02 - Where to Start 12. A(n) ______ is a statement about the expected relationship between variables. A(n) ______ is a statement about the outcome of a particular experiment. A. prediction; hypothesis B. hypothesis; prediction C. educated guess; law D. law; educated guess Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 02-05 Discuss how theories, research hypotheses, and predictions are related. Topic: 02-12 Developing Hypotheses and Predictions 13. A hypothesis is a A. prediction of results. B. a statement about a phenomenon that may or may not be true. C. fact. D. small research report. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 02-05 Discuss how theories, research hypotheses, and predictions are related. Topic: 02-12 Developing Hypotheses and Predictions 14. What principle that states that "where multiple theories can explain observed results, the best theory to adopt is the simplest one"? A. Natural selection B. Regression C. Falsifiability D. Parsimony Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 02-02 Identify the two functions of a theory. Topic: 02-05 Theories 2-6

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